Swift底层原理探索--枚举

目录

枚举的基本你用法

enum Direction_1 {
   
    case north, south, east, west
}

enum Direction {
   
    case north
    case south
    case east
    case west
}
var dir = Direction.west
dir = Direction.east
dir = .north
print(dir)

switch dir {
   
case .north:
    print("north")
case .south:
    print("south")
case .east:
    print("east")
case .west:
    print("west")
}

【返回目录】

关联值（Associated Values）

关联值是直接存在枚举变量的内存里面的，这点要牢记，对于一个有固定取值范围的变量，设计成枚举比较合适

enum Score {
   
    case points(Int)
    case grade(Character)
}
var score = Score.points(96)
score = .grade("A")

switch score {
   
case let .points(i):
    print(i, "points")
case let .grade(i):
    print("grade", i)
} // grade A

enum Date {
   
    case digit(year: Int, month: Int, day: Int)
    case string(String)
}
var date = Date.digit(year: 2020, month: 02, day: 29)
date = .string("2020-02-29")
switch date {
   
case let .digit(year, month, day):  
    print(year, month, day)
case let .string(dateStr):
    print(dateStr)
    
} // "2020-02-29"

注意上看switch内部对let/var关键字的使用，如果下载枚举值左边，那么关联值只能统一绑定给let常量或者var变量

case let .digit(year, month, day): //year、month、day都是let常量
case var .digit(year, month, day): //year、month、day都是var变量

如果let/var关键字写在关联值括号内，就比较灵活

case .digit(let year, var month, let day)

另外一些枚举举例

enum Password {
   
    case number(Int, Int, Int, Int)
    case gesture(String)
}
var pwd = Password.number(3, 5, 7, 9)
pwd = .gesture("3259")
switch pwd {
   
case let .number(n1 , n2 , n3 , n4 ): //数字密码
    print("number is", n1, n2, n3, n4)
case let .gesture(pwdStr):// 字符串密码
    print("gestrue is", pwdStr)
}

【返回目录】

原始值（Raw Values）

枚举成员可以只用相同类型的默认值预先关联，这个默认值叫做 原始值

enum PokerSuit: Character {
    //这里的Character表示的是枚举值所关联的原始值
    case spade = "♠️"
    case heart = "♥️"
    case diamond = "♦️"
    case club = "♣️"
}
var suit = PokerSuit.spade
print(suit)
print(suit.rawValue)
print(PokerSuit.club.rawValue)

enum Grade: String {
   
    case perfect = "A"
    case great = "B"
    case good = "C"
    case bad = "D"
}
print(Grade.perfect.rawValue) // A
print(Grade.great.rawValue) // B
print(Grade.good.rawValue) // C
print(Grade.bad.rawValue) // D

【返回目录】

隐式原始值（Implicitly Assigned Raw Values）

enum Direction1: String {
   
    case north, south, east, west
}
print(Direction1.north.rawValue)

enum Direction2: String {
   
    case north = "nor", south, east, west
}
print(Direction2.north.rawValue)//有赋值，就用赋值的字符串
print<