java中对象的初始化与构造器

例子：一个天体数据类：

class Body
{
	public long idNum;
	public String name;
	public Body orbits;
	public static long nextID;

}

可以做天体对象的创建与初始化：

Body Sun = new Body();
Sun.idNum = Body.nextID++;
Sun.name = "Sol";
Sun.orbits = null;
    	 
Body earth = new Body();
earth.idNum = Body.nextID++;
earth.name = "Earth";
earth.orbits = Sun;

使用构造器：

class Body
{
	public long idNum;
	public String name = "<unnamed>";
	public Body orbits = null;
	public static long nextID = 0;
	
	Body(){
		idNum = nextID++;
	}

}

初试化对象代码如下：

   	Body Sun = new Body();
    	Sun.name = "Sol";
    	
    	Body earth = new Body();
    	earth.name = "Earth";
    	earth.orbits = Sun;

Body构造器代用发生在name和orbits初始化之后

还可以使用如下的构造器，调整初始化顺序：

Body(String bodyName, Body orbitdAround) {
		this();
		name = bodyName;
		orbits = orbitdAround;
	}

初始化代码如下：

Body Sun = new Body("Sol", null);
	Body earth = new Body("Earth", Sun);

还可以将构造器的第二个参数设置为null：

Body(String bodyName) {
		this(bodyName, null);
}

复制构造器：

	Body(Body other) {
		idNum = other.idNum;
		name = other.name;
		orbits = other.orbits;
	}