Spring Boot配置数据库MySQL8.x版本连接的serverTimezone时区问题

问题

Caused by: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.InvalidConnectionAttributeException: The server time zone value ‘Öйú±ê׼ʱ¼ä’ is unrecognized or represents more than one time zone. You must configure either the server or JDBC driver (via the serverTimezone configuration property) to use a more specifc time zone value if you want to utilize time zone support.

Fri Oct 04 19:41:26 CST 2024 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
[${project.name}][${env:SERVER_PORT}] 2024-10-04 19:41:26,249 ERROR [Druid-ConnectionPool-Create-383005108][DruidDataSource.java:2603] - create connection SQLException, url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/account?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8, errorCode 0, state 01S00
java.sql.SQLException: The server time zone value 'Öйú±ê׼ʱ¼ä' is unrecognized or represents more than one time zone. You must configure either the server or JDBC driver (via the serverTimezone configuration property) to use a more specifc time zone value if you want to utilize time zone support.
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:127)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:95)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:87)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:61)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:71)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:76)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:862)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:444)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:230)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:226)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterChainImpl.connection_connect(FilterChainImpl.java:156)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterAdapter.connection_connect(FilterAdapter.java:787)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterEventAdapter.connection_connect(FilterEventAdapter.java:38)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterChainImpl.connection_connect(FilterChainImpl.java:150)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterAdapter.connection_connect(FilterAdapter.java:787)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterChainImpl.connection_connect(FilterChainImpl.java:150)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat.StatFilter.connection_connect(StatFilter.java:218)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterChainImpl.connection_connect(FilterChainImpl.java:150)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterAdapter.connection_connect(FilterAdapter.java:787)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterChainImpl.connection_connect(FilterChainImpl.java:150)
	at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidAbstractDataSource.createPhysicalConnection(DruidAbstractDataSource.java:1598)
	at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidAbstractDataSource.createPhysicalConnection(DruidAbstractDataSource.java:1662)
	at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource$CreateConnectionThread.run(DruidDataSource.java:2601)
Caused by: com.mysql.cj.exceptions.InvalidConnectionAttributeException: The server time zone value 'Öйú±ê׼ʱ¼ä' is unrecognized or represents more than one time zone. You must configure either the server or JDBC driver (via the serverTimezone configuration property) to use a more specifc time zone value if you want to utilize time zone support.
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
	at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:59)
	at com.mysql.cj.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:83)
	at com.mysql.cj.util.TimeUtil.getCanonicalTimezone(TimeUtil.java:128)
	at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeProtocol.configureTimezone(NativeProtocol.java:2201)
	at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.NativeProtocol.initServerSession(NativeProtocol.java:2225)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.initializePropsFromServer(ConnectionImpl.java:1391)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:993)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:852)
	... 16 more

‌文件中配置‌

例如在properties文件中配置‌：

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/account?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123abcd

例如在YAML文件中配置‌：

spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/account?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    username: root
    password: 123abcd

问题原因

当前使用MySQL数据库：mysql-8.0.31，由于数据库和系统时区差异所造成的连接出现时区设置的不正确异常。

MySQL8.x的JDBC增加了时区（serverTimezone）属性，并且不允许为空。如果不手动指定serverTimezone属性，那么默认采用UTC时间

UTC时区：不属于任意时区 ,协调世界时间, 又称世界统一时间，世界标准时间，国际协调时间，简称UTC，UTC时间会比北京时间少8小时, 所以数据库连接会直接出现时区错误。

解决办法

在url配置加上 serverTimezone 时区配置：serverTimezone=GMT%2B8

如：

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/account?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8

其他时区配置

#上海时区
serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai