481. Magical String

A magical string S consists of only '1' and '2' and obeys the following rules:

The string S is magical because concatenating the number of contiguous occurrences of characters '1' and '2' generates the string S itself.

The first few elements of string S is the following:S = "1221121221221121122……"

If we group the consecutive '1's and '2's in S, it will be:

1 22 11 2 1 22 1 22 11 2 11 22 ......

and the occurrences of '1's or '2's in each group are:

1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 ......

You can see that the occurrence sequence above is the S itself.

Given an integer N as input, return the number of '1's in the first N number in the magical string S.

Note:N will not exceed 100,000.

Example 1:

Input: 6
Output: 3
Explanation: The first 6 elements of magical string S is "12211" and it contains three 1's, so return 3.

题意（没看懂）：其实这道题的难点就是在于找到规律来生成字符串，这里我们就直接说规律了，因为博主也没有自己找到，都是看了网上大神们的解法。根据第三个数字2开始往后生成数字，此时生成两个1，然后根据第四个数字1，生成一个2，再根据第五个数字1，生成一个1，以此类推，生成的数字1或2可能通过异或3来交替生成。（生成的1/2是交替的，生成个数是由当前指向的数字决定）

代码1：

class Solution {
public:
    int magicalString(int n) {
        string s = "122";  
        int i = 2;  
        while(s.size() < n)  
        {  
            s += string(s[i++] - '0', s.back() == '1' ? '2' : '1');  
        }  
        return count(s.begin(), s.begin() + n, '1');  
    }
};

代码2：

class Solution {
public:
    int magicalString(int n) {
        string s = "122";
        int index = 2;
        while(s.length() < n) {
            int cnt = s[index] - '0';
            char c = (s.back() == '1' ? '2' : '1');
            string temp(cnt, c);
            s += temp;
            index++;
        }
        return count(s.begin(), s.begin() + n, '1');
    }
};