Linux在应用层读写寄存器的方法

在某些情况下，需要移植的代码是直接访问寄存器的，当移植到linux时，可利用mmap创建一个适配层，减少开发工作量。

通过操作/dev/mem设备文件，以及mmap函数，将寄存器的地址映射到用户空间，直接在应用层对寄存器进行操作。

mmap的使用示例：

#define REG_AREA_LEN 1024

static int halFileH = -1;

unsigned long gRegBase = 0;

/*!
 * HAL layer entry point. 
 * Mappes regisers to the HOST virtual address space.
 */
int HalInit(void)
{
unsigned long *pVirtBuffAddr = NULL;

halFileH = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR|O_SYNC);
if (halFileH < 0) {
return 1;
}
(void)fcntl(halFileH, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);

pVirtBuffAddr = (uint32_t *)mmap(0, REG_AREA_LEN, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, halFileH, physicalAddress);
if ((pVirtBuffAddr == NULL) || (pVirtBuffAddr == MAP_FAILED)) {
close(halFileH);
halFileH = -1;
return 2;
}

gRegBase = (unsigned long)pVirtBuffAddr;
return HAL_OK;
}

/*!
 * HAL exit point. 
 * Unmaps registers. 
 */
int HalTerminate(void)
{
if (halFileH < 0) {
return 1;
}

munmap((uint32_t *)gRegBase, REG_AREA_LEN);
close(halFileH);
halFileH = -1;
gRegBase = 0;
return HAL_OK;
}

/*!
 * Read memory-mapped-IO register.
 * 
 * \param regOffset The offset of the register to read
 * \return uint32_t Return the value of the given register
 */
#define HAL_READ_REGISTER(regOffset) \
(*((volatile uint32_t *)(gRegBase + (regOffset))))


/*!
 * Write memory-mapped-IO register.
 *  
 * \param regOffset The offset of the register to write
 * \param val The value to write
 */
#define HAL_WRITE_REGISTER(regOffset, val) \
(*((volatile uint32_t *)(gRegBase + (regOffset))) = (val))