C++ 深拷贝与浅拷贝

浅拷贝

Array.h

class Array{
public:
    Array();
    Array(const Array& arr);
    ~Array();
    void setCount(int c);
    int getCount();
private:
    int m_iCount;
};

Array.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "Array.h"
using namespace std;

Array::Array()
{
    cout << "Array" << endl;
}

Array::Array(const Array& arr)
{
    m_iCount = arr.m_iCount;
    cout << "Array&" << endl;
}

Array::~Array()
{
    cout << "~Array" << endl;
}

void Array::setCount(int c)
{
    m_iCount = c;
}

int Array::getCount()
{
    return m_iCount;
}

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "Array.h"
using namespace std;


int main() {
    
    Array arr1;
    arr1.setCount(5);
    
    Array arr2(arr1);
    
    cout << arr2.getCount() << endl;
    return 0;
}

浅拷贝可能带来的错误

Array.h

class Array{
public:
    Array(int c);
    Array(const Array& arr);
    ~Array();
    void setCount(int c);
    int getCount();
    void printAddr();
private:
    int m_iCount;
    int *m_pArr;
};

Array.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "Array.h"
using namespace std;

Array::Array(int c)
{
    m_iCount = c;
    m_pArr = new int[m_iCount];
    cout << "Array" << endl;
}

Array::Array(const Array& arr)
{
    m_pArr = arr.m_pArr;
    m_iCount = arr.m_iCount;
    cout << "Array&" << endl;
}

Array::~Array()
{
    delete []m_pArr;
    m_pArr = NULL;
    cout << "~Array" << endl;
}

void Array::setCount(int c)
{
    m_iCount = c;
}

int Array::getCount()
{
    return m_iCount;
}

void Array::printAddr()
{
    cout << m_pArr << endl;
}

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "Array.h"
using namespace std;


int main() {
    
    Array arr1(5);
    //arr1.setCount(5);
    
    Array arr2(arr1);
    
    cout << arr2.getCount() << endl;
    return 0;
}

结束时出错，因为arr1和arr2中的m_parr都指向一块内存，而两个对象的析构函数被调用的时候要释放两次一样的内存，所以会造成系统崩溃。

深拷贝

Array.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "Array.h"
using namespace std;

Array::Array(int c)
{
    m_iCount = c;
    m_pArr = new int[m_iCount];
    for (int i = 0; i < m_iCount; i++) {
        m_pArr[i] = i;
    }
    cout << "Array" << endl;
}

Array::Array(const Array& arr)
{
    m_iCount = arr.m_iCount;
    m_pArr = new int[m_iCount];
    for (int i = 0; i < m_iCount; i++) {
        m_pArr[i] = arr.m_pArr[i];
    }
    cout << "Array&" << endl;
}

Array::~Array()
{
    delete []m_pArr;
    m_pArr = NULL;
    cout << "~Array" << endl;
}

void Array::setCount(int c)
{
    m_iCount = c;
}

int Array::getCount()
{
    return m_iCount;
}

void Array::printAddr()
{
    cout << m_pArr << endl;
}