Python的list

目录

1.初始化

2.增

3.删

4.改

5.查

1.初始化

print([[1, 2], [2, 3]] + [1, 2])  # [[1, 2], [2, 3], 1, 2]
print([[1, 2], [2, 3]] + [[1, 2], [2, 4]])  # [[1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2], [2, 4]]
print(list("qwe"))  # ['q', 'w', 'e']
print(list({'q', 'w', 'e'}))  # ['w', 'q', 'e']
print(list(('q', 'w', 'e')))  # ['q', 'w', 'e']

2.增

# 末尾追加
t = [1, 2, 3]
t1 = t.append([4])
print(t)  # t [1, 2, 3, [4]]
print(t1)  # t1 None
t = [1, 2, 3]
t2 = t + [4]
print(t)  # t [1, 2, 3]
print(t2)  # t2 [1, 2, 3, 4]
t = [1, 2, 3]
t.extend([4])
print(t)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]
# 中间插入
t = [1, 2, 3]
t.insert(1, 4)
print(t)  # [1, 4, 2, 3]
t = [1, 2, 3]
t.insert(8, 4)
print(t)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]

3.删

# 删除无返回, 指定下标
t = [1, 2, 3]
del t[1]
print(t)  # [1, 3]
del t[:2]
print(t)  # []
t = [1, 2, 3]
del t
# print(t)  # NameError: name 't' is not defined
# 删除有返回， 指定下标
t = [1, 2, 3]
print(t.pop())  # 3
print(t)  # [1, 2]
t = [1, 2, 3]
print(t.pop(1))  # 2
# 删除返回None，删除第一个匹配到的元素
t = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2]
print(t.remove(1))  # None
print(t)  # [2, 3, 1, 2, 2]
# 删除全部
t.clear()
print(t)  # []

4.改

# 反转
t = [1, 2, 3]
t.reverse()
print(t)  # [3, 2, 1]
# 重复
t = [1]
t = t * 3
print(t)  # [1, 1, 1]
# 修改指定位置
t = [3, 2, 1]
t[2] = 3
print(t)  # [3, 2, 3]
t = [3, 2, 1]
t[1:3] = [4, 6, 9]
print(t)  # [3, 4, 6, 9]
# 排序
t = [3, 9, 6, 4, 10]
t.sort()
print(t)  # [3, 4, 6, 9, 10]
t.sort(reverse=True)
print(t)  # [10, 9, 6, 4, 3]
def takeSecond(elem):
    return elem[1]
random = [(2, 2), (3, 4), (4, 1), (1, 3)]
random.sort(key=takeSecond)
print(random)  # [(4, 1), (2, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4)]

5.查

# 获取指定位置元素
t = [1, 2, 3]
print(t[1])  # 2
print(t[0:2])  # [1, 2]
# 查询下标
t = [4, 5, 5, 6]
print(t.index(5))  # 1
# print(t.index(8))  # ValueError: 8 is not in list
print(t.index(5, 0, 2))  # 1
# print(t.index(5, 0, 0))  # ValueError: 5 is not in list
# 求出现次数
t = [4, 5, 5, 6]
print(t.count(5))  # 2
print(t.count(7))  # 0
# 复制
t = [4, 5, 5, 6]
t1 = t.copy() 
t1[0] = [10]
print(t)  # [4, 5, 5, 6]
print(t1)  # [[10], 5, 5, 6]
t = [4, 5, 5, 6]
t1 = t
t1[0] = [10]
print(t)  # [[10], 5, 5, 6]
print(t1)  # [[10], 5, 5, 6]