String.split()用法

最近有任务，是与字符串解析相关的，用到了String.split()，顺便记录一下。

简介：

Thinking in Java中将split()定义为String类的一个非常有用的正则表达式工具，其功能是“将字符串从正则表达式匹配的地方切开”。

所属包：

java.lang.String

用法详解:

有两个版本：

1. String[] java.lang.String.split(String regex, int limit)

param:

1. String regex：匹配的符号或正则表达式
2. int limit：分成几个部分

return:

1. String[]：返回String数组

代码：

import java.util.Arrays;

public class SpiltTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String content = "a,b,c,d";
        String arr0[] = content.split(",", 0);
        String arr1[] = content.split(",", 1);
        String arr2[] = content.split(",", 2);
        String arr4[] = content.split(",", 4);

        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr0));
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr1));
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr2));
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr4));
    }
}

结果：

说明：
regex这个参数就不多说了，这里用的”,”
关于limit,通过regex分割后的部门的数量，通过上面的例子可以看到：
0：的时候limit这个参数没起作用，见了”,”就分割，实际上split(String regex)就是调用split(String reges,0)的
1：分成1部分，没意义，相当于不分割
2：分成2部分，也就是进行了1次分割
4：分成4部分，也就是进行了3次分割
6：分成4部门，用”,“最多分成4部分，所以>4的都被当作4处理
附limit的jdk文档：

The limit parameter controls the number of times the pattern is
applied and therefore affects the length of the resulting array. If
the limit n is greater than zero then the pattern will be applied at
most n - 1 times, the array’s length will be no greater than n, and
the array’s last entry will contain all input beyond the last matched
delimiter. If n is non-positive then the pattern will be applied as
many times as possible and the array can have any length. If n is zero
then the pattern will be applied as many times as possible, the array
can have any length, and trailing empty strings will be discarded.

JDK源码：

public String[] split(String regex, int limit) {
        /* fastpath if the regex is a
         (1)one-char String and this character is not one of the
            RegEx's meta characters ".$|()[{^?*+\\", or
         (2)two-char String and the first char is the backslash and
            the second is not the ascii digit or ascii letter.
         */
        char ch = 0;
        if (((regex.value.length == 1 &&
             ".$|()[{^?*+\\".indexOf(ch = regex.charAt(0)) == -1) ||
             (regex.length() == 2 &&
              regex.charAt(0) == '\\' &&
              (((ch = regex.charAt(1))-'0')|('9'-ch)) < 0 &&
              ((ch-'a')|('z'-ch)) < 0 &&
              ((ch-'A')|('Z'-ch)) < 0)) &&
            (ch < Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE ||
             ch > Character.MAX_LOW_SURROGATE))
        {
            int off = 0;
            int next = 0;
            boolean limited = limit > 0;
            ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
            while ((next = indexOf(ch, off)) != -1) {
                if (!limited || list.size() < limit - 1) {
                    list.add(substring(off, next));
                    off = next + 1;
                } else {    // last one
                    //assert (list.size() == limit - 1);
                    list.add(substring(off, value.length));
                    off = value.length;
                    break;
                }
            }
            // If no match was found, return this
            if (off == 0)
                return new String[]{this};

            // Add remaining segment
            if (!limited || list.size() < limit)
                list.add(substring(off, value.length));

            // Construct result
            int resultSize = list.size();
            if (limit == 0) {
                while (resultSize > 0 && list.get(resultSize - 1).length() == 0) {
                    resultSize--;
                }
            }
            String[] result = new String[resultSize];
            return list.subList(0, resultSize).toArray(result);
        }
        return Pattern.compile(regex).split(this, limit);
    }

2. String[] java.lang.String.split(String regex)

不说多，直接看JDK源码：

    public String[] split(String regex) {
        return split(regex, 0);
    }

明白第一个版本，这个也就明白了。