Linux磁盘配额

作用

限制用户或组对磁盘空间的使用,例如文件服务器,邮件服务器.web服务器......

配置磁盘配额

lv的创建

• 首先创建一个pv

[root@localhost /]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.

• 创建一个vg1

[root@localhost /]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb
  Volume group "vg1" successfully created

• 创建一个lv并赋额1000M

[root@localhost /]# lvcreate -L 1000M -n lv1 vg1
  Logical volume "lv1" created.

格式化lv1

[root@localhost /]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
64000 inodes, 256000 blocks
12800 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=262144000
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8000 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

挂载分区,测试分区是否正常

[root@localhost /]# mkdir /lv1 && mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /lv1
[root@localhost /]# cd lv1/
[root@localhost lv1]# ls
lost+found    //证明已经成功挂载

开启磁盘配额

• 执行下面的命令开启quota功能

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /lv1
[root@localhost ~]# mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /dev/vg1/lv1

• 查看quota是否正常开启

[root@localhost ~]# mount| grep quota|grep lv
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 on /lv1 type ext4 (rw,relatime,quota,usrquota,grpquota,data=ordered)

创建用户和组

[root@localhost ~]# useradd u1 && groupadd z1
[root@localhost ~]# gpasswd -a u1 z1
Adding user u1 to group z1

生成quota配置文件

• 关闭SeLinux

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled

• 生成配置文件

[root@localhost /]# cd lv1 && quotacheck -acug
[root@localhost lv1]# ls
aquota.group  aquota.user  lost+found

启动quota功能

[root@localhost lv1]# quotaon /dev/vg1/lv1

修改quota配置文件

[root@localhost lv1]# edquota -u u1
Disk quotas for user u1 (uid 1000):
  Filesystem                   blocks       soft       hard     inodes     soft     hard
  /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1               0          0          0          0        0        0

• 通过修改soft和hard的值,限制其写入文件的大小

[root@localhost lv1]# edquota -u u1
Disk quotas for user u1 (uid 1000):
  Filesystem                   blocks       soft       hard     inodes     soft     hard
  /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1               0       1000       1200          0        0        0

切换成u1用户后,进行写文件测试

[u1@localhost test]$ ll
total 0
-rw-rw-r-- 1 u1 u1 0 Apr  7 16:19 1
[u1@localhost test]$  dd if=/dev/zero of=./1 bs=1M
dm-2: warning, user block quota exceeded.
dm-2: write failed, user block limit reached.
dd: error writing ‘./1’: Disk quota exceeded
2+0 records in
1+0 records out
1331200 bytes (1.3 MB) copied, 0.00222401 s, 599 MB/s
[u1@localhost test]$ ll
total 1300
-rw-rw-r-- 1 u1 u1 1331200 Apr  7 16:19 1
[u1@localhost test]$  dd if=/dev/zero of=./1 bs=2M
dm-2: warning, user block quota exceeded.
dm-2: write failed, user block limit reached.
dd: error writing ‘./1’: Disk quota exceeded
1+0 records in
0+0 records out
1331200 bytes (1.3 MB) copied, 0.0649324 s, 20.5 MB/s
[u1@localhost test]$ ll
total 1300
-rw-rw-r-- 1 u1 u1 1331200 Apr  7 16:20 1

出现明显的超出磁盘配额信息,则针对u1的磁盘配额生效.