Swift Tutorial: Introducing Structures

*

struct Location { let latitude: Double let longitude: Double }

let pizzaLocation = Location(latitude: 44.9871, longitude: -93.2758)

The basic syntax begins with the struct keyword followed by the name and a pair of curly braces. Everything between the curly braces is a "member" of the struct.

*

Location(latitude: 44.9871, longitude: -93.2758)

Swift will automatically create a default initializer, such as the one shown above, that takes each member as a named parameter. You can also create your own initializer, which allows you to customize how a structure's members are assigned. 

Keep in mind that as soon as you define a custom initializer, Swift won't add the automatically-generated one. If you still need it, you'll have to define it yourself.

*By the end of the initializer, the struct must have initial values set in all of its stored properties. 

*

struct ClimateControl {
  var temperature: Double
  var humidity: Double?
 
  init(temp: Double) {
    temperature = temp
  }
 
  init(temp: Double, hum: Double) {
    temperature = temp
    humidity = hum
  }
}

If you declare the optional as a constant, you must still provide an initial value, whether it's nil or an actual value. Once the struct is defined, it can no longer be changed!

*A struct can have constants and variables, it can also define its own functions. In Swift, methods are simply functions that are associated with a type. Just like other members of structs, you can use dot syntax to access a method through a value of its associated type.

*The important thing is that this demonstrates the value semantics of working with structs. When you assign range2 the value from range1, it gets an exact copy of the value. That means you can modify range1 without also modifying the range in range2.