(转)centos7安装mysql5.6

原文连接  https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38281964/article/details/82016431

1、由于在线安装受制于网络环境，所以选择tar包编译安装。

      首先去mysql镜像站下载mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2、上传到centos

3、检查你所用的Linux下有没有安装过mysql，没有卸载干净

rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

如果存在，则需要先卸载掉，不然会出现覆盖错误。

yum remove  mysql mysql-server mysql-libs mysql-server;

find / -name mysql 将找到的相关东西delete掉；

rpm -qa|grep mysql(查询出来的东东yum remove掉)

4、创建mysql的用户组/用户, data目录及其用户目录

userdel mysql                                           # 删除用户

groupdel mysql                                          # 删除用户组名

mkdir /usr/local/mysql                                  # mysql的默认安装路径，建议不要更换，如果更换后续需要更新配置

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data                             # 在mysql文件夹下创建文件夹data

groupadd mysql                                          # 创建一个名为mysql的用户组      

useradd -g mysql -d /usr/local/mysql mysql              # 在用户组下创建用户

5、解压缩并转移

# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz             # 解压文件

# cd mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64                           # 进入

# mv * /usr/local/mysql/

   

6、编译安装

cd /usr/local/mysql/

 

./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

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记录上面成功安装后的密码，如上：hIE;k,h8gd#q，后续用到！

7、启动mysql服务

./support-files/mysql.server start

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截至目前，证明mysql已运行成功！！！

8、配置mysql

#进入mysql的安装目录支持文件目录

cd /usr/local/mysql//support-files

 

# 拷贝配置文件模板为新的mysql配置文件,

cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

 

#设置编码，可按需修改新的配置文件选项， 不修改配置选项， mysql则按默认配置参数运行.

#如下是我修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf， 设置编码为utf8以防乱码

vim /etc/my.cnf

 

 

[mysqld]

 

basedir = /usr/local/mysql

datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data

 

character_set_server=utf8

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

 

 

[client]

default-character-set=utf8

此处需要注释掉##sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

否则后续登陆时会报异常：

mysql: [ERROR] unknown variable 'sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'

9、配置mysql服务开机自动启动

# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld      # 拷贝启动文件到/etc/init.d/下并重命令为mysqld

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld                                      # 增加执行权限

# chkconfig --list mysqld                                           # 检查自启动项列表中没有mysqld这个，

# chkconfig --add mysqld                                            # 如果没有就添加mysqld：

# chkconfig mysqld on                                               # 用这个命令设置开机启动：

10、mysql服务的启动/重启/停止

# service mysqld start                                               # 启动服务

# service mysqld restart                                             # 重启服务

# service mysqld stop                                                # 停止服务

11、修改mysql用户root的密码

mysql -u root -p

输入上边自动生成的密码，进入mysql环境

Mysql -u root -p

-bash : mysql :command not found

原因:这是由于系统默认会查找/usr/bin下的命令，如果这个命令不在这个目录下，当然会找不到命令，我们需要做的就是映射一个链接到/usr/bin目录下，相当于建立一个链接文件。

首先得知道mysql命令完整路径，比如我的Linux的mysql的路径是：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql，我们则可以这样执行命令：

 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  -uroot这样执行命令，或者创建一个软链接

 ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

再次尝试就可以进入了

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mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');             # PASSWORD()里面的123456 是设置的新密码，可以设置成你的密码

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1

12、更改一些编码

mysql> use mysql

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

 

Database changed

mysql> \s

--------------

mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.17, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

 

Connection id:           5

Current database:        mysql

Current user:             root@localhost

SSL:                      Not in use

Current pager:           stdout

Using outfile:           ''

Using delimiter: ;

Server version:          5.7.17

Protocol version:        10

Connection:               Localhost via UNIX socket

Server characterset:     utf8

Db     characterset:      latin1

Client characterset:     utf8

Conn.  characterset:     utf8

UNIX socket:              /tmp/mysql.sock

Uptime:                   5 min 8 sec

 

Threads: 1  Questions: 44  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 136  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 129  Queries per second avg: 0.142

--------------

 

mysql> show variables like 'character%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------------+

| Variable_name            | Value                            |

+--------------------------+----------------------------------+

| character_set_client     | utf8                             |

| character_set_connection | utf8                             |

| character_set_database   | latin1                           |

| character_set_filesystem | binary                           |

| character_set_results    | utf8                             |

| character_set_server     | utf8                             |

| character_set_system     | utf8                             |

| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

 

mysql>  SET character_set_database = utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> show variables like 'character%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------------+

| Variable_name            | Value                            |

+--------------------------+----------------------------------+

| character_set_client     | utf8                             |

| character_set_connection | utf8                             |

| character_set_database   | utf8                             |

| character_set_filesystem | binary                           |

| character_set_results    | utf8                             |

| character_set_server     | utf8                             |

| character_set_system     | utf8                             |

| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> \s

--------------

mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.17, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

 

Connection id:           5

Current database:        mysql

Current user:             root@localhost

SSL:                      Not in use

Current pager:           stdout

Using outfile:           ''

Using delimiter: ;

Server version:          5.7.17

Protocol version:        10

Connection:               Localhost via UNIX socket

Server characterset:     utf8

Db     characterset:      utf8

Client characterset:     utf8

Conn.  characterset:     utf8

UNIX socket:              /tmp/mysql.sock

Uptime:                   6 min 20 sec

 

Threads: 1  Questions: 50  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 137  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 130  Queries per second avg: 0.131

--------------

 

13、mysql远程授权

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';

 

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

14、验证，可能需要关闭防火墙

Service iptables stop
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38281964/article/details/82016431