使用pytest对Python代码进行单元测试

一、测试一个函数

被测试函数：

D:\workon\yize365\python_work\unit11\test11_1\city_functions.py

#易择365
def city_country(city,country,population=""):
    if population:
        res=city+","+country+" - population "+str(population)
    else:
        res=city+","+country
    return res

测试模块：

D:\workon\yize365\python_work\unit11\test11_1\test_cities.py

#易择365
from city_functions import city_country
def test_city_country():
    res=city_country(city="santiago",country="chile")
    assert res=="santiago,chile"
def test_city_country_population():
    res=city_country(city="santiago",country="chile",population=2000)
    assert res=="santiago,chile - population 2000"

二、测试一个类

D:\workon\yize365\python_work\unit11\test11_3_2\survey.py

#易择365
class AnonymousSurvey:
    """收集匿名调查问卷的答案"""
    def __init__(self, question):
        """存储一个问题，并为存储答案做准备"""
        self.question = question
        self.responses = []
    def show_question(self):
        """显示调查问卷"""
        print(self.question)
    def store_response(self, new_response):
        """存储单份调查答卷"""
        self.responses.append(new_response)
    def show_results(self):
        """显示收集到的所有答卷"""
        print("Survey results:")
        for response in self.responses:
            print(f"- {response}")

D:\workon\yize365\python_work\unit11\test11_3_2\test_survey.py

#易择365
import pytest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey


def test_store_single_response():
    """测试单个答案会被妥善地存储"""
    question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
    language_survey=AnonymousSurvey(question)
    language_survey.store_response('English')
    assert 'English' in language_survey.responses

def test_store_three_responses():
    """测试三个答案会被妥善地存储"""
    question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
    language_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
    responses = ['English', 'Spanish', 'Mandarin']
    for response in responses:
        language_survey.store_response(response)
    for response in responses:
        assert response in language_survey.responses

三、修改test_survey.py模块， 使用夹具（fixture）：

D:\workon\yize365\python_work\unit11\test11_3_2\test_survey.py

#易择365
import pytest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey

@pytest.fixture
def language_survey():
    """一个可供所有测试函数使用的 AnonymousSurvey 实例"""
    question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
    language_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
    return language_survey

def test_store_single_response(language_survey):
    """测试单个答案会被妥善地存储"""
    language_survey.store_response('English')
    assert 'English' in language_survey.responses

def test_store_three_responses(language_survey):
    """测试三个答案会被妥善地存储"""
    responses = ['English', 'Spanish', 'Mandarin']
    for response in responses:
        language_survey.store_response(response)
    for response in responses:
        assert response in language_survey.responses