Linux进程间通信之共享内存

//shm_com.h

#ifndef SHM_COM_H
#define SHM_COM_H

#define TEXT_SZ 2048

struct shared_use_st
{
	int written_by_you;
	char some_text[TEXT_SZ];
};

#endif

//shm_client.cpp

/*
 System V
 */

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include "shm_com.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

    int running = 1;
    void *shared_memory = (void *)0;
    struct shared_use_st *shared_stuff;
    int shmid;

    srand((unsigned int)getpid());

    shmid = shmget((key_t)1234,sizeof(struct shared_use_st),0666|IPC_CREAT);//创建一个新的共享内存区段，取得一个共享内存区段的描述符

    if(shmid == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"shmat failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    shared_memory = shmat(shmid,(void*)0,0);//返回共享内存第一个字节的指针
    if(shared_memory == (void*)-1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"shmat failedj\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("Memory attached at %X\n",(int *)shared_memory);//以十六进制的形式输出缓存地址
    //printf("Memory attached at %p\n",shared_memory);//直接输出缓存地址

    shared_stuff = (struct shared_use_st *)shared_memory;
    shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0;
    while(running)
    {
        if(shared_stuff->written_by_you)
        {
            printf("You wrote:%s",shared_stuff->some_text);
            sleep(rand()%4);
            shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0;
            if(strncmp(shared_stuff->some_text,"end",3) == 0)
            {
                running = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    if(shmdt(shared_memory) == -1)//将共享内存从当前进程中分离
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"shmdt failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    return 0;
}

//shm_server.cpp

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <sys/shm.h>
#include "shm_com.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int running = 1;
    void *shared_memory = (void *)0;
    struct shared_use_st *shared_stuff;
    char buffer[BUFSIZ];
    int shmid;

    shmid = shmget((key_t)1234,sizeof(struct shared_use_st),0666|IPC_CREAT);

    if(shmid == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"shmget failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    shared_memory = shmat(shmid,(void*)0,0);
    if(shared_memory == (void *)-1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"shmat failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    printf("Memory attached at %X\n",(int*)shared_memory);
    shared_stuff = (struct shared_use_st *)shared_memory;
    while(running)
    {
        while(shared_stuff->written_by_you == 1)
        {
            sleep(1);
            printf("waiting for client ... \n");
        }
        printf("Enter some test:");
        fgets(buffer, BUFSIZ,stdin);

        strncpy(shared_stuff->some_text,buffer,TEXT_SZ);
        shared_stuff->written_by_you = 1;

        if(strncmp(buffer,"end",3) == 0)
        {
            running = 0;
        }
    }

    if(shmdt(shared_memory) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmdt failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    return 0;
}

运行过程
1.
编译shm_client.cpp，生成可执行文件shm_client
运行可执行文件shm_client
显示运行结果：
Memory attached at EE813000
2.
编译shm_server.cpp，生成可执行文件shm_server
运行可执行文件shm_server
显示运行结果：
Memory attached at FAC1E000
Enter some test://(输入Hello World !，并回车)
3.
//client端显示：
You wrote:Hello World !
//server显示进入等待状态：
waiting for client ...
waiting for client ...
waiting for client ...
//重复上述过程，直到输入end，并回车整个通信结束


//具体运行结果如图显示