SpringBoot专题：自动配置原理

配置原理的实现

1）、SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类，并开启自动配置功能@EnableAutoConfiguration

2）、@EnableAutoConfiguration的作用：

• 利用AutoConfigurationImportSelector给容器导入一些组件
• 可以插件selectImports{}方法的内容：

List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);获取候选的配置

SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames();
扫描所有jar包类路径下 META-INFO/ spring.factories
把扫描到的这些文件的内容包装成properties对象
从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类(类名)对应的值把它们添加在容器中

将类路径下META-INFO/spring.factoties里面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中

# AutoConfigureDataJdbc auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.AutoConfigureDataJdbc=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureDataJpa auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.AutoConfigureDataJpa=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureDataLdap auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.data.ldap.AutoConfigureDataLdap=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureDataMongo auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.data.mongo.AutoConfigureDataMongo=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureDataNeo4j auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.AutoConfigureDataNeo4j=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureDataRedis auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.data.redis.AutoConfigureDataRedis=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureJdbc auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureJdbc=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureTestDatabase auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase=\
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.TestDatabaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureJooq auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jooq.AutoConfigureJooq=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureJson auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.json.AutoConfigureJson=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureJsonTesters auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.json.AutoConfigureJsonTesters=\
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.json.JsonTestersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureWebClient auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.reactive.AutoConfigureWebTestClient=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebTestClientAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureWebFlux auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.reactive.AutoConfigureWebFlux=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureMockMvc auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc=\
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcWebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcWebDriverAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureMockRestServiceServer
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.AutoConfigureMockRestServiceServer=\
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.MockRestServiceServerAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureRestDocs auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.AutoConfigureRestDocs=\
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.RestDocsAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureTestEntityManager auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.AutoConfigureTestEntityManager=\
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManagerAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureWebClient auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.AutoConfigureWebClient=\
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.WebClientRestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration

# AutoConfigureWebMvc auto-configuration imports
org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureWebMvc=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration

每一个这样的xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件，加入到容器中，用它们做自动配置；

3）、每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能

4）、以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration为例解释自动配置原理：

@Configuration  //表示这是一个配置类，可以给容器中添加组件
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpProperties.class) //启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能
@ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring底层Condition注解，根据不同的条件，如果满足指定的条件，整个配置类里面的配置就会生效；判断当前应用是否为web应用，如果是，当前配置类生效
@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判断当前项目中有没有这个类CharacterEncodingFilter；SpringMVC中解决乱码的过滤器
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true) //判断这个配置文件中是否存在某个配置 spring.http.encoding ，如果不存在，判断也是成立的
//即使配置文件中不配置 spring.http.encoding.enabled=true ，也是默认生效的
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
    
    //已经和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了
    private final HttpProperties.Encoding properties;
    
    // 只有一个有参构造器的的情况下，参数的值就会从容器中拿	
    public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpProperties properties) {
		this.properties = properties.getEncoding();
	}
    
    @Bean //给容器中添加一个组件，这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean
	public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
		CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
		filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
		filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
		filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
		return filter;
	}

根据当前不同的条件判断，然后决定这个配置类是否生效？

一旦这个配置类生效，这个配置类就会给容器中添加各种组件，这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的，这些类里面的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的

5)、所有在配置文件中能配置的属性的值都是在xxxProperties类中封装着，配置文件能配置什么功能就可以参照某个功能的对应的这个属性类

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http") //从配置文件中获取的指定的值和bean的属性进行绑定
public class HttpProperties {

}

精髓：

1）、SpringBoot启动会加载大量的自动配置类

2）、我们需要的功能有没有SpringBoot默认写好的自动配置类，

3）、如果有，看这个自动配置类中到底配置了哪些组件（只要我们用的组件有，我们就不需要再来配置了

如果没有）

4）、给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候，会从properties类中获取属性，我们就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性的值 xxxAutoConfiguration：自动配置类，给容器中添加组件

xxxProperties：封装配置文件相关的属性
 

自动配置类必须在一定的条件在才能生效

如何确定哪些自动配置类生效？

通过properties配置文件设置 debug=true 来让控制打印自动配置报告

============================
CONDITIONS EVALUATION REPORT
============================
Positive matches:匹配上的
Negative matches:未匹配上的