设计模式之策略模式

1，目标

通过学习策略模式来消除代码中的大量的if...else...和switch语句

深刻理解策略模式的应用场景，提高算法的保密性和安全性。

2，定位

希望通过对策略模式的学习，来消除程序中的大量的冗余代码和多重转移语句

3，策略模式的定义

策略模式（Strategy pattern）是指定义了算法家族，分别封装起来，让他们之间可以相互替换，此模式让算法的变化不会影响到使用算法的用户。可以避免多重分支的if...else...和switch语句。

4，策略模式的适用场景

1，假如系统中有很多类，而他们的区别仅仅在于他们的行为不同。

2，一个系统需要动态地在几种算法中选择一种。

5，策略模式代码实现方法

我们按照培训机构卖课做为例子，首先创建一个培训课程的促销接口PromotionStrategy.java类

package com.packer.partten.strategy.promotion;

/**
 * Created by lijianfang on 2021/10/3.
 */
public interface PromotionStrategy {
    void doPromotion();
}

再分别创建各种促销实现类，CashbackStrategy.java促销返现类

package com.packer.partten.strategy.promotion;

/**
 * Created by lijianfang on 2021/10/3.
 */
public class CashbackStrategy implements PromotionStrategy {
    @Override
    public void doPromotion() {
        System.out.println("返现促销，返现后的价格转到支付宝");
    }
}

培训机构发放优惠卷类CouponStrategy.java

package com.packer.partten.strategy.promotion;

/**
 * Created by lijianfang on 2021/10/3.
 */
public class CouponStrategy implements PromotionStrategy {
    @Override
    public void doPromotion() {
        System.out.println("领优惠券，课程后的价格");
    }
}

正常的无促销的类EmptyStrategy.java

package com.packer.partten.strategy.promotion;

/**
 * Created by lijianfang on 2021/10/3.
 */
public class EmptyStrategy implements PromotionStrategy {
    @Override
    public void doPromotion() {
        System.out.println("无促销活动");
    }
}

团购的类GroupbuyStrategy.java

package com.packer.partten.strategy.promotion;

/**
 * Created by lijianfang on 2021/10/3.
 */
public class GroupbuyStrategy implements PromotionStrategy {
    @Override
    public void doPromotion() {
        System.out.println("组团，满20人成团，全团享受团购价");
    }
}

再创建一个活动发布类PromotionAvtivity.java，通过发布的活动中的构造方法得到不同的优惠活动，通过execute方法执行具体的活动优惠力度。

package com.packer.partten.strategy.promotion;

/**
 * Created by lijianfang on 2021/10/3.
 */
public class PromotionAvtivity {
    PromotionStrategy promotionStrategy;

    public PromotionAvtivity(PromotionStrategy promotionStrategy){
        this.promotionStrategy = promotionStrategy;
    }

    public void execute(){
        this.promotionStrategy.doPromotion();
    }
}

最后再做一个测试类PromotionAvtivityTest.java

package com.packer.partten.strategy.promotion;

/**
 * Created by lijianfang on 2021/10/3.
 */
public class PromotionAvtivityTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PromotionAvtivity avtivity618 = new PromotionAvtivity(new CouponStrategy());
        PromotionAvtivity avtivityGroup = new PromotionAvtivity(new GroupbuyStrategy());
        avtivity618.execute();
        avtivityGroup.execute();
    }
}

我们看一下测试的结果。

领优惠券，课程后的价格
组团，满20人成团，全团享受团购价

Process finished with exit code 0

按照正常我们代码中使用写的话，应该使用下面的方式进行调用。 

package com.packer.partten.strategy.promotion;

/**
 * Created by lijianfang on 2021/10/3.
 */
public class PromotionAvtivityTest {   
 public static void main(String[] args) {
        PromotionAvtivity promotionAvtivity = null;
        String promotionKey = "COUPON";
        if(promotionKey.equals("COUPON")){
            promotionAvtivity = new PromotionAvtivity(new CouponStrategy());
        }else if(promotionKey.equals("CASHBACK")){
            promotionAvtivity = new PromotionAvtivity(new CashbackStrategy());
        }//.....
        promotionAvtivity.execute();
    }
}

 测试结果如下：

组团，满20人成团，全团享受团购价

Process finished with exit code 0

上面的代码还是有冗余，我们结合之前的工厂模式进行改造一下。

新建一个PromotionStrategyFactory.java类

package com.packer.partten.strategy.promotion;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by lijianfang on 2021/10/3.
 */
public class PromotionStrategyFactory {
    private static Map<String,PromotionStrategy> PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP = new HashMap<String, PromotionStrategy>();
    static {
        PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.put(PromotionKey.CASHBACK,new CashbackStrategy());
        PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.put(PromotionKey.COUPON,new CouponStrategy());
        PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.put(PromotionKey.GROUPBUY,new GroupbuyStrategy());
    }
    private static final PromotionStrategy  NON_PROMOTION = new EmptyStrategy();
    private PromotionStrategyFactory(){}
    public static PromotionStrategy getPromotionStrategy(String promotionKey){
        PromotionStrategy promotionStrategy =  PROMOTION_STRATEGY_MAP.get(promotionKey);
        return promotionStrategy == null?NON_PROMOTION:promotionStrategy;
    }

    private interface PromotionKey{
        String COUPON = "COUPON";
        String CASHBACK = "CASHBACK";
        String GROUPBUY = "GROUPBUY";
        String EMPTY = "EMPTY";
    }
}

测试方法如下：

package com.packer.partten.strategy.promotion;

/**
 * Created by lijianfang on 2021/10/3.
 */
public class PromotionAvtivityTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String promotionKey = "GROUPBUY";
        PromotionAvtivity promotionAvtivity = new PromotionAvtivity(PromotionStrategyFactory.getPromotionStrategy(promotionKey));
        promotionAvtivity.execute();
    }
}

测试结果如下：

组团，满20人成团，全团享受团购价

Process finished with exit code 0