Accelerated C++ 习题解答 第3章

部分习题参考了网上已有的解答

Ex.3-0

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<ios>
#include<iomanip>
#include<vector>
#include<conio.h>
 
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
using std::vector;
using std::sort;
using std::streamsize;
using std::setprecision;
 
int main()
{
   cout <<"please enter your first name:";
   string name;
   cin >> name;
   cout <<"Hello, " << name <<"!" << endl;
 
   cout <<"please enter your midterm and final exam grades:";
   double midterm, final;
   cin >> midterm>> final;
 
   cout <<"enter all your homework grades, followed by end offile: ";
   vector<double> homework;
   double x;
   while (cin >> x)
      homework.push_back(x);
 
   typedef vector<double>::size_typevec_sz;
   vec_sz size =homework.size();
   if (size == 0) {
      cout << endl<<"you must enter your grades."
                 "please try again." << endl;
      return 1;
   }
   sort(homework.begin(),homework.end());
 
   vec_sz mid = size/2;
   double median;
   median = size % 2 ==0 ? (homework[mid] + homework[mid-1]/2) : homework[mid];
 
   streamsize prec =cout.precision();
   cout <<"Your final grade is " <<setprecision(3)
      << 0.2 *midterm + 0.4 * final + 0.4 * median
      <<setprecision(prec) << endl;
 
   getch();
   return 0;
}

Ex.3-1

中值是一个可将数值集合划分为相等的上下两部分的数值。对于有限的数集，通过把所有的值高低排序后找出正中间的一个作为中位数。中间点取决于所有的数值。

由此可知，如果任何一个我们已经读到的值被丢弃，则会改变原先中间点的位置，这样就得不出准确的中值。

 

,Ex.3-2

#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<conio.h>
 
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::vector;
using std::sort;
 
int main() {
  vector<int> integers;
 
  cout <<"Integers: ";
  int x;
 
  while (cin >> x)
   integers.push_back(x);
 
  if (integers.size() == 0) {
    cout << endl<<"No integers!" <<endl;
    return 1;
  }
 
 sort(integers.rbegin(), integers.rend());
  typedef vector<int>::size_type vec_sz;
 
  cout <<"1st quartile" << endl;
  for (vec_sz i = 0; i < integers.size() / 4; ++i)
    cout <<integers[i] << endl;
 
  cout <<"2nd quartile" << endl;
  for (vec_sz i = integers.size() / 4; i <integers.size() / 2; ++i)
    cout <<integers[i] << endl;
 
  cout <<"3rd quartile" << endl;
  //注意这里确定第3部分范围的时候的技巧
  for (vec_sz i = integers.size() / 2; i <integers.size() * 3 / 4; ++i)
    cout <<integers[i] << endl;
 
  cout <<"4th quartile" << endl;
  for (vec_sz i = integers.size() * 3 / 4; i <integers.size(); ++i)
    cout <<integers[i] << endl;
 
  getch();
  return 0;
}

Ex.3-3

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<conio.h>
 
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::vector;
using std::string;
 
int main()
{
   vector<string>words;
   vector<int> counts;
 
   typedef vector<string>::size_type vec_sz;
 
   cout <<"enter the words: ";
   string str;
   while (cin >> str) {
      bool found =false;
 
      for (vec_sz i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
        if (str == words[i]) {
           ++counts[i];
           found =true;
        }
      }
 
      if (!found) {
        words.push_back(str);
        counts.push_back(1);
      }
   }
 
   for (vec_sz i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
      cout <<words[i] <<" appears "<< counts[i] <<" times"<< endl;    
   }
 
   getch();
   return 0;
}

Ex.3-4

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<conio.h>
 
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
 
int main()
{
  typedef string::size_type str_sz;
   string longest;
   str_sz longest_size =0;
   string shortest;
   str_sz shortest_size= 0;
 
   cout <<"Enter words: ";
   string s;
  while (cin >> s) {
     if (longest_size == 0 || s.size() > longest_size){
        longest = s;
        longest_size =s.size();
      }
 
     if (shortest_size == 0 || s.size() < shortest_size){
        shortest = s;
        shortest_size =s.size();
      }
   }
 
   cout <<"Longest word is " << longest<<" (" <<longest_size <<")" <<endl;
   cout <<"Shortest word is " << shortest<<" (" <<shortest_size <<")"<< endl;
 
   getch();
  return 0;
}

Ex.3-5

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<iomanip>
#include<ios>
#include<conio.h>
 
using std::cin;                 
using std::cout;                
using std::endl;                
using std::setprecision;
using std::string;
using std::streamsize;
using std::vector;
 
#define NUM_HOMEWORK 2
 
int main()
{
   vector<string>names;
   vector<double> final_grades;
   bool done =false;
 
   while (!done) {
      cout <<"Please enter your first name: ";
      string name;
      cin >> name;
      cout <<"Hello, " << name <<"!" << endl;
      names.push_back(name);
 
      cout <<"Please enter your midterm and final exam grades:";
      double midterm, final;
      cin >>midterm >> final;
 
      cout <<"Enter both your homework grades, "
        "followed byend-of-file: ";
 
      int count = 0;
      double sum = 0;
 
      double x;
 
      while (count < NUM_HOMEWORK) {
        ++count;
        cin >> x;
        sum += x;
      }
 
      double final_grade = 0.2 * midterm + 0.4 * final +0.4 * sum / count;
      final_grades.push_back(final_grade);
 
      cout <<"More? (Y/N) ";
      string s;
      cin >> s;
 
      if (s !="Y")
        done =true;
   }
 
   for (vector<string>::size_type i = 0; i <names.size(); ++i) {
      streamsize prec =cout.precision();
      cout <<names[i] <<"'s final grade is "<< setprecision(3)
         << final_grades[i]
         << setprecision(prec) << endl;
   }
 
   getch();
   return 0;
}

 

Ex.3-6

#include<iomanip>
#include<ios>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<conio.h>
 
using std::cin;                 
using std::cout;                
using std::endl;                
using std::setprecision;
using std::string;
using std::streamsize;
 
int main() {
   cout <<"Please enter your first name: ";
   string name;
   cin >> name;
   cout <<"Hello, " << name <<"!" << endl;
 
   cout <<"Please enter your midterm and final exam grades:";
   double midterm, final;
   cin >> midterm>> final;
 
   cout <<"Enter all your homework grades, "
   "followed by end-of-file: ";
 
   int count = 0;
   double sum = 0;
 
   double x;
   while (cin >> x) {
      ++count;
      sum += x;
   }
 
   double homework_grade = (count > 0) ? sum / count: 0.0;
 
   streamsize prec =cout.precision();
   cout <<"Your final grade is " <<setprecision(3)
      << 0.2 * midterm + 0.4 * final + 0.4 *homework_grade
      << setprecision(prec) << endl;
 
   getch();
   return 0;
}