一、简介
Feign 是一个声明式的伪Http客户端,它使得写Http客户端变的更简单。使用Feign只需要创建一个接口并注解。它具有可插拔的注解特性,可使用Feign注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Feign 默认集成了Ribbon,并和Eureka结合,默认实现了负载均衡的效果。
简而言之:
- Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
- Feign 整合了ribbon,具有负载均衡的能力
- 整合了Hystrix, 具有熔断的能力
二、准备工作
继续上一节的工程,启动 端口号为 8761 的 eureka-server 服务,启动 eureka-client 两次,分别为 8762、8763
三、创建一个feign的服务
创建一个boot 工程,取名为eureka-feign,在它的pom文件中引入依赖 spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client、Web的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-web,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.lbh</groupId>
<artifactId>eurekademo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.lbh</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-feign</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eureka-feign</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RC2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
在工程的配置文件application.yml文件,指定程序名为eureka-feign,端口号为8765,服务注册地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/ ,代码如下:
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8765
spring:
application:
name: eureka-feign
在程序启动类上加上 @EnableFeignClients 注解开启 feign 的功能:
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaFeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaFeignApplication.class, args);
System.out.println("==============eureka-feign 启动成功====================");
}
}
定义一个 feign 接口,通过 @FeignClient(“服务名”),来指定调用哪个服务。比如在代码中调用了 eureka-client 服务的 "/hi"接口,代码如下:
@Component
@FeignClient(value = "eureka-client")
public interface SchedualServiceHi {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi", method = RequestMethod.GET)
String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}
定义一个controller层,对外暴露一个 “/hi” 接口,通过上面定义的Feign客户端 SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务。代码如下:
@RestController
public class HiController {
@Autowired
SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;
@GetMapping(value = "/hi")
public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);
}
}
启动程序,多次访问 http://localhost:8765/hi?name=ooo,浏览器会 交替显示:
hi ooo ,i am from port:8763
hi ooo ,i am from port:8762
源码下载地址:
https://github.com/JavaAdvancer/eurekademo
文章参考资料:
https://www.fangzhipeng.com/springcloud/2018/08/30/sc-f3-feign/