RocketMQ死信队列

死信队列就是当消息发送失败达到了一个阈值后，消息被从正常的消息队列里移除，添加到了一个系统创建的一个%DLQ%XXX这样格式的一个队列里，不再被消费。

重试次数

以下是RocketMQ默认的失败重试次数，以及每次间隔的时间，即从第一次失败起，会在接下来的4小时46分钟进行16次的重试。

 测试案例

producer

public class ProducerSync {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException, MQBrokerException, RemotingException, InterruptedException {
        //创建生产者
        DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer(RocketConstant.DEFAULT_PRODUCER_GROUP);
        //绑定nameserver
        producer.setNamesrvAddr(RocketConstant.NAME_SERVER_ADDR);
        producer.start();

        //组装消息：发送的topic，发送的消息
        Message message = new Message(RocketConstant.DEFAULT_TOPIC,("Hello Dead RocketMQ").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        //同步发送
        SendResult sendResult = producer.send(message);
        System.out.println(sendResult);
    }
}

consumer

consumer.setMaxReconsumeTimes(1)，把重试次数调整为1，让能更快看到效果。

public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
        //创建生产者
        DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer(RocketConstant.DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP);
        //绑定nameserver
        consumer.setNamesrvAddr(RocketConstant.NAME_SERVER_ADDR);
        //订阅topic，设置过滤规则
        consumer.subscribe(RocketConstant.DEFAULT_TOPIC,"*");
        //设置重试次数变为1，即10秒后会重试一次，若失败就放入死信队列
        consumer.setMaxReconsumeTimes(1);

        //注册监听，当队列有消息时，触发消费
        //MessageListenerConcurrently，用的多线程模式消费，即使只有一个消费者也是并发消费的消息
        consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
            @Override
            public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> list,
                                                            ConsumeConcurrentlyContext consumeConcurrentlyContext) {
                try {
                    for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
                        MessageExt messageExt = list.get(i);
                        System.out.println(1/0);
                        System.out.println("收到消息："+new String(messageExt.getBody()));
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER;
                }
                return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
            }
        });

        consumer.start();
    }
}

输出结果

出现了两次异常

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at com.learn.dead.Consumer$1.consumeMessage(Consumer.java:33)
	at org.apache.rocketmq.client.impl.consumer.ConsumeMessageConcurrentlyService$ConsumeRequest.run(ConsumeMessageConcurrentlyService.java:412)
	at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at com.learn.dead.Consumer$1.consumeMessage(Consumer.java:33)
	at org.apache.rocketmq.client.impl.consumer.ConsumeMessageConcurrentlyService$ConsumeRequest.run(ConsumeMessageConcurrentlyService.java:412)
	at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

看控制台

控制台出现了一个死信队列，%DLQ%是固定前缀，后面跟着的是消费组名

 此时需要注意的，死信队列对应Topic的权限默认是禁读的（perm， 2:禁读，4:禁写,6:可读可写），需把权限开放到6才能进行读，看下图配置。

 consumerdead

消费死信队列消息，做重发或其他的业务逻辑

public class ConsumerDead {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
        //创建生产者
        DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer(RocketConstant.DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP);
        //绑定nameserver
        consumer.setNamesrvAddr(RocketConstant.NAME_SERVER_ADDR);
        //订阅topic，设置过滤规则
        consumer.subscribe("%DLQ%consumer_group","*");

        //注册监听，当队列有消息时，触发消费
        //MessageListenerConcurrently，用的多线程模式消费，即使只有一个消费者也是并发消费的消息
        consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
            @Override
            public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> list,
                                                            ConsumeConcurrentlyContext consumeConcurrentlyContext) {
                try {
                    for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
                        MessageExt messageExt = list.get(i);
                        System.out.println("消费死信队列消息："+new String(messageExt.getBody()));
                        //TODO 重发或其他业务逻辑
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER;
                }
                return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS;
            }
        });

        consumer.start();
    }
}

输出结果

消费死信队列消息：Hello Dead RocketMQ