Embeded system 1

1、查看编译器默认搜索路径 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/AbyeimN
   echo 'main(){}'|arm-linux-gcc -E -v -    正常情况下，makefile都不用设置include和lib路径，会自动寻找，但不要在交叉编译makefile中添加-I /usr/include等类似选项，否则回到本地gcc路径找，-I选项头文件搜索优先级高于默认；


2、头文件搜索路径
    http://blog.csdn.net/melong100/article/details/6823262
※所以 header file 的搜寻会从 -I 开始
※然后找 gcc 的环境变量 C_INCLUDE_PATH,CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH,OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH
※再找内定目录

3、printenv
   printenv PATH
   setenv file test  //set
   setenv file test1 //modify
   setenv file       //del
   saveenv           //to flash


   tftp:
   setenv ethaddr 12:34:56:78:9A:BC 
   setenv ipaddr 192.168.0.103    board ip
   setenv serverip 192.168.0.102  tftp serverip
   tftp c0008000 uImage
   
   memory look up:
   md.b c0008000   (.w .l)  look 
   mm   c0008000            modify


   nand:
   nand info
   nand erase start length
   nand write c0008000(mem addr) 80000(flash addr)  500000(length)
   nand read  c0008000(mem addr) 80000(flash addr)  500000(length)


   download kernel to mem addr
   tftp c0008000 uImage 
   bootm c0008000


   bdinfo   (show board info)


   auto boot:
   setenv bootcmd tftp c0008000 uImage \; bootm c0008000
   saveenv

4 arm kernel compile:

make menuconfig ARCH=arm                               
        make uImage ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linx-           (uImage uboot_header) 

cd arch/arm/boot      uImage

  x86 kernel compile:

  make menuconfig
make bzImage

4-1  linux os:  kernel + file system  (how to create file system ?) 

mkdir rootfs
cd rootfs
mkdir bin dev etc lib proc sbin sys usr mnt tmp var
mkdir usr/bin usr/lib usr/sbin lib/modules
 
cd dev
  mknod -m 666 console c 5 1
mknod -m 666 null c 1 3
cd ..

tar etc.tar.gz -C /xxx/rootfs


make modules ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linx-
make modules_install ARCH=arm INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/xxx/rootfs

busybox:

进入busybox目录执行 make menuconfig
a.进入 Busybox Settings ->
build Options->
v 选中 “Build busybox as a staticbinary ”, 静态链接
v Cross Compilerprefix (arm-linux-)
Installation Options->
v 选中 “Don‘t use/usr”, 选中该项可以避免busy box 被安装到宿主系统的
/usr目录下，破坏宿主系统
v BusyboxInstallation Prefix(/xxx/rootfs)
该选项表明编译后的busy box的安装位置
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linx-
make install
cd rootfs/bin    (so many command...!)

4- 3.3  initramfs:   release

cd linux_kernel
make menuconfig ARCH=arm   (set your rootfs path...)
cd rootfs
ln -s ./bin/busybox init
cd linux_kernel 
make uImage ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linx-    (add rootfs to uImage)
...tftp download and boot 

nfs:          debug

cd linux_kernel
make menuconfig ARCH=arm   (set nfs  and rootfs path...)
make uImage ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linx-   
...tftp download and bootm 

5 driver

应用程序
字符设备文件 
字符设备驱动
字符设备

块设备文件 
块设备驱动
块设备

套接字
协议栈
网络设备驱动
网络接口设备