什么是网络编程
- 什么是网络,计算机网络的构成是什么?
网络是信息传输、接收、共享的虚拟平台
什么是网络编程?
Socket 与TCP/UDP
客户端实例
import java.io.*;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket();
// 超时时间
socket.setSoTimeout(3000);
// 连接本地,端口200,超时时间3000ms
socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(Inet4Address.getLocalHost(),2000),3000);
System.out.println("已发起服务器连接,并进入后续流程~~");
System.out.println("客户端信息 "+ socket.getLocalAddress()+" Port: "+socket.getLocalPort());
System.out.println("服务器信息 "+ socket.getInetAddress()+" Port: "+ socket.getPort());
try {
// 发送 接收 数据
todo(socket);
}catch (Exception e){
System.out.println("客户端连接异常关闭");
}
// 释放资源
socket.close();
System.out.println("客户端已退出");
}
private static void todo(Socket client) throws IOException{
// 构建键盘输入流
InputStream in =System.in;
BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
//得到socket输出流,并转换为打印流
OutputStream outputStream = client.getOutputStream();
PrintStream socketPrintStream = new PrintStream(outputStream);
// 得到Socket输入流,并转换为BufferReader
InputStream inputStream = client.getInputStream();
BufferedReader socketBufferReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
boolean flag = true;
do {
// 键盘读取一行
String str = input.readLine();
// 发送数据到服务器
socketPrintStream.println(str);
// 从服务器读取一行
String echo = socketBufferReader.readLine();
if ("bye".equalsIgnoreCase(echo)){
flag = false;
}else {
System.out.println(echo);
}
}while (flag);
socketPrintStream.close();
socketBufferReader.close();
}
}
服务端实例
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(2000);
System.out.println("服务器准备就绪~~");
System.out.println("服务器信息 "+ server.getInetAddress()+" Port: "+ server.getLocalPort());
// 等待客户端连接
for (;;){
// 得到客户端
Socket client = server.accept();
// 客户端构建异步线程
// 异步操作, 多个客户端连接的情况
ClientHandler clientHandler = new ClientHandler(client);
// 启动线程
clientHandler.start();
}
}
/**
* 客户端消息的处理
*/
private static class ClientHandler extends Thread{
private Socket socket;
private boolean flag = true;
ClientHandler(Socket socket){
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("新客户端连接: "+socket.getInetAddress()+"Port: "+socket.getPort());
try {
// 得到打印流,用于数据输出;服务器回送数据
PrintStream socketOutput = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
// 得到输入流,用于接收数据
BufferedReader socketInput = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
socket.getInputStream()));
do {
// 客户端拿到一条数据
String str = socketInput.readLine();
if ("bye".equalsIgnoreCase(str)){
flag = false;
// 回送
socketOutput.println("bye");
}else {
// 打印到屏幕,并回送数据长度
System.out.println(str);
socketOutput.println("send back: "+str.length());
}
socketOutput.println("send back test ");
}while (flag);
socketInput.close();
socketOutput.close();
}catch (Exception e){
System.out.println("服务端连接异常断开");
}finally {
// 连接关闭
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("客户端已退出"+socket.getInetAddress()+"Port: "+socket.getPort());
}
}
}
报文、 协议、MAC地址
报文段
报文段是指TCP/IP协议网络传输过程中,起着路由导航作用
传输协议
MAC地址
IP、端口、远程服务器
IP地址
IPV4
IPV6
端口
远程服务器