Hibernate 1.1

创建第一个Hibernate 小例子

1.首先下载相关jar包 Hibernate.XXX.Final.jar
2.进入jar包进入required里面都是hibernate的核心文件
3.打开myeclipse,创建一个项目文件，并导入各种jar包，加上jdbc连接jar包
4.设置项目支持hibernate,junit的框架
5.配置hibernate.cfg.cml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
 <hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!-- Database connection settings -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">
            com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        </property>
        <property name="connection.url">
            <![CDATA[jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/task?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8]]>
        </property>
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">root</property>
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="dialect">
            org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
        </property>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
        <mapping resource="com/imooc/entity/Student.hbm.xml" />
        <mapping resource="com/imooc/entity/Grade.hbm.xml" />
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

6.创建实体类（属性必须私有化，属性的setter和getter，空构造和属性构造）

package com.imooc.entity;
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private Grade grade;
    public Student() {
    }
    public Student(String name) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Student(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Grade getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }
    public void setGrade(Grade grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }
}

package com.imooc.entity;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Grade {
    private int gid;
    private String gname;
    private Set<Student> studentList = new HashSet<Student>();
    public int getGid() {
        return gid;
    }
    public void setGid(int gid) {
        this.gid = gid;
    }
    public String getGname() {
        return gname;
    }
    public void setGname(String gname) {
        this.gname = gname;
    }
    public Set<Student> getStudentList() {
        return studentList;
    }
    public void setStudentList(Set<Student> studentList) {
        this.studentList = studentList;
    }
    public Grade(int gid, String gname) {
        this.gid = gid;
        this.gname = gname;
    }
    public Grade(String gname) {
        super();
        this.gname = gname;
    }
    public Grade() {
    }
}

7.配置实体类的映射文件，并在hibernate.cfg.xml中插入映射

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.imooc.entity.Grade" table="grade" catalog="task">
        <id name="gid" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="gid" />
            <generator class="identity" />
        </id>
        <property name="gname" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="gname" length="50" />
        </property>
        <set name="studentList" table="student" inverse="true" > 
            <key column="gid"></key>
            <one-to-many class="com.imooc.entity.Student"/>
        </set> 
<!--         <list name="studentList" table="Student"> -->
<!--            <index column="gid"></index> -->
<!--            <one-to-many class="com.imooc.entity.Student"/> -->
<!--         </list> -->
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.imooc.entity.Student" table="student" catalog="task">
        <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="id" />
            <generator class="identity" />
        </id>
        <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="name" length="50" />
        </property>
        <many-to-one name="grade" column="gid" class="com.imooc.entity.Grade" cascade="save-update"></many-to-one>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

8.创建一个测试类，测试代码，创建一个src的同级目录test

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.imooc.entity.Grade;
import com.imooc.entity.Student;


public class StudentTest {

    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    private Session session;
    private Transaction transaction;

    @Before
    public void init(){
        Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();
        StandardServiceRegistryBuilder ssrb = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
        .applySettings(config.getProperties());
        StandardServiceRegistry ssr = ssrb.build();
        sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory(ssr);
        session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        transaction = session.beginTransaction();
    }

    @After
    public void destory(){
        transaction.commit();
        session.close();
        sessionFactory.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void saveStudent(){
        Student s1 = new Student("cqc");
        Grade g = new Grade("13计科1");
        Student s2 = new Student("megan");

        s1.setGrade(g);
        s2.setGrade(g);
        g.getStudentList().add(s1);
        g.getStudentList().add(s2);

//      session.save(g);
        session.save(s2);
        session.save(s1);
    }
}

刚开始赋值的时候手动加入了id，结果报了org.hibernate.StaleStateException: Batch update returned unexpected row coun。。。的错误，百度了一下，说是因为本地数据库id是自增的，不能手动设置id，删去手动设置的id之后，发现是可以运行了，至于为什么，还不懂。。。

对于这个例子的多对一和一对多的关系中，要设置cascade和inverse（反转控制）
inverse是让多方控制一方的属性，可以提高工作效率，由多方维护关联关系
cascade是为了在比如说save-update，在保存和更新的操作时级联操作所关联的对象