带外数据
带外数据用于迅速告知对方本端发生的重要的事件。它比普通的数据(带内数据)拥有更高的优先级,不论发送缓冲区中是否有排队等待发送的数据,它总是被立即发送。带外数据的传输可以使用一条独立的传输层连接,也可以映射到传输普通数据的连接中。实际应用中,带外数据是使用很少见,有,telnet和ftp等远程非活跃程序。
UDP没有没有实现带外数据传输,TCP也没有真正的带外数据。不过TCP利用头部的紧急指针标志和紧急指针,为应用程序提供了一种紧急方式,含义和带外数据类似。TCP的紧急方式利用传输普通数据的连接来传输紧急数据。
SIGURG信号的作用
内核通知应用程序带外数据到达的方式有两种:一种就是利用IO复用技术的系统调用(如select)在接受到带外数据时将返回,并向应用程序报告socket上的异常事件。
另一种方法就是使用SIGURG信号。
客户端代码:
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <libgen.h>
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
if ( argc <= 2 )
{
printf("Usage: %s ip_address port_number\n", basename(argv[0]));
return 1;
}
const char * ip = argv[1];
int port = atoi(argv[2]);
int ret = 0;
struct sockaddr_in address;
bzero(&address,sizeof(address));
inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr);
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_port = htons(port);
int sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
assert (sockfd >= 0);
if ( connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0 )
{
printf("connect failed\n");
}
else
{
const char *oob_data = "abcdef";
const char *normal_data = "1234";
send(sockfd, oob_data, strlen("abcdef"), MSG_OOB);
sleep(1);
send(sockfd, normal_data,strlen("1234"),0);
send(sockfd, normal_data,strlen("1234"),0);
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
服务器代码:
#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#define MAX_EVENT_NUMBER 1024
static int pipefd[2];
static int connfd;
/*
int setnonblocking( int fd )
{
int old_option = fcntl( fd, F_GETFL );
int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl( fd, F_SETFL, new_option );
return old_option;
}
void addfd( int epollfd, int fd)
{
struct epoll_event event;
event.data.fd = fd;
event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
epoll_ctl( epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &event );
setnonblocking( fd );
}
void sig_handler( int sig )
{
printf("收到信号 %d\n",sig);
int save_errno = errno;
int msg = sig;
send(pipefd[1],(char *)&msg, 1, 0);
errno = save_errno;
}
*/
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
void sig_urg( int sig )
{
char buffe[BUF_SIZE];
int save_errno = errno;
memset(buffe, '\0',BUF_SIZE);
int ret = recv( connfd, buffe, BUF_SIZE-1, MSG_OOB);
errno = save_errno;
}
void addsig( int sig ,void (*sig_handler)(int))
{
struct sigaction sa;
memset(&sa, '\0', sizeof( sa ));
sa.sa_handler = sig_handler;
sa.sa_flags = 0;
sigemptyset( &sa.sa_mask ); //屏蔽所有信号
assert( sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) != -1 );
}
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
if ( argc <= 2 )
{
printf("Usage: %s ip_address port_number\n", basename(argv[0]));
return 1;
}
const char * ip = argv[1];
int port = atoi(argv[2]);
int ret = 0;
struct sockaddr_in address;
bzero(&address,sizeof(address));
inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr);
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_port = htons(port);
int listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
assert (listenfd >= 0);
ret = bind( listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address) );
if ( ret == -1 )
{
printf("errno id %s",strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
ret = listen(listenfd, 5);
assert( ret != -1);
struct sockaddr_in client;
socklen_t client_addrlenth = sizeof( client );
connfd = accept( listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &client_addrlenth);
if ( connfd < 0 )
{
printf("errno is: %d\n",errno);
}
else{
//addsig(SIGURG, sig_urg);
if ( signal(SIGURG, sig_urg) < 0)
{
printf("注册失败,msg = %s\n",strerror(errno));
}
/* 使用SIGURG信号之前,我们必须设置socket的宿主进程或者进程组 */
fcntl( connfd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
while(1)
{
memset(buffer,'\0',BUF_SIZE);
ret = recv( connfd, buffer, BUF_SIZE -1, 0);
if ( ( ret <= 0 ) )
{
break;
}
printf("got %d bytes of normal data '%s'\n",ret, buffer);
}
close(connfd);
}
close(listenfd);
return 1;
}