一、介绍
当Executor已经关闭(即执行了executorService.shutdown()方法后),并且Executor将有限边界用于最大线程数量和工作队列容量,且已经饱和时,在方法execute()中提交的新任务将被拒绝。
在以上述情况下,execute 方法将调用其 RejectedExecutionHandler 的 RejectedExecutionHandler.rejectedExecution(Java.lang.Runnable, java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor) 方法。
首先我们来看下RejectedExecutionHandler 的定义:
下面提供了四种预定义的处理程序策略:
(1) 默认的ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy 处理程序遭到拒绝将抛出运行时RejectedExecutionException;
(2) ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy 线程调用运行该任务的 execute 本身。此策略提供简单的反馈控制机制,能够减缓新任务的提交速度
(3) ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy 不能执行的任务将被删除;
(4) ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy 如果执行程序尚未关闭,则位于工作队列头部的任务将被删除,然后重试执行程序(如果再次失败,则重复此过程)。
线程池默认会采用的是defaultHandler策略。首先看defaultHandler的定义:
再看看具体的AbortPolicy:
看一下其他拒绝策略的具体实现:
CallerRunsPolicy实现类:
DiscardPolicy实现类:
DiscardOldestPolicy实现类:
通过以上分析,我们都知道:这四个RejectedExecutionHandler的实现类都是ThreadPoolExecutor的静态内部类。
二、测试案例
写一个task:
- package com.npf.thread.test;
-
- public class Task implements Runnable {
-
- protected String name;
-
- public Task(String name) {
- super();
- this.name = name;
- }
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
- Thread.sleep(500);
- } catch (Exception e) {
-
- }
- }
-
- }
1. AbortPolicy 示例
- package com.npf.thread.test;
-
- import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
- import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
- import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
- public class AbortPolicyDemo {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0,
- TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1));
-
-
- pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
-
- try {
-
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- Runnable myTask = new Task("task-"+i);
- pool.execute(myTask);
- }
- } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
-
- pool.shutdown();
- }
- }
- }
某一次运行结果,直接已异常的形式抛出:
2. CallerRunsPolicy 示例
- package com.npf.thread.test;
-
- import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
- import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
- public class CallerRunsPolicyDemo {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0,
- TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1));
-
-
- pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
-
-
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- Runnable myTask = new Task("task-"+i);
- pool.execute(myTask);
- }
-
-
- pool.shutdown();
- }
- }
某一次运行结果,当有新任务添加到线程池被拒绝时,线程池会将被拒绝的任务添加到"线程池正在运行的线程"中去运行:
3. DiscardPolicy 示例
- package com.npf.thread.test;
-
- import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
- import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
- public class DiscardPolicyDemo {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0,
- TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1));
-
-
- pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
-
-
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- Runnable myTask = new Task("task-"+i);
- pool.execute(myTask);
- }
-
-
- pool.shutdown();
- }
- }
某一次运行结果,
线程池pool的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1,这意味着"线程池能同时运行的任务数量最大只能是1"。
线程池pool的阻塞队列是ArrayBlockingQueue,ArrayBlockingQueue是一个有界的阻塞队列,ArrayBlockingQueue的容量为1。这也意味着线程池的阻塞队列只能有一个线程池阻塞等待。由此可知,
线程池中共运行了2个任务。第1个任务直接放到Worker中,通过线程去执行;第2个任务放到阻塞队列中等待。其他的任务都被丢弃了。
4. DiscardOldestPolicy 示例
- package com.npf.thread.test;
-
- import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
- import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
- public class DiscardOldestPolicyDemo {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0,
- TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1));
-
-
- pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
-
-
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- Runnable myTask = new Task("task-"+i);
- pool.execute(myTask);
- }
-
-
- pool.shutdown();
- }
- }
某一次运行结果,
当有新任务添加到线程池被拒绝时,线程池会丢弃阻塞队列中末尾的任务,然后将被拒绝的任务添加到末尾。