[转载] python 运算符重载有什么用_Python运算符重载用法实例分析

参考链接： Python运算符重载

本文实例讲述了Python运算符重载用法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下：

 在Python语言中提供了类似于C++的运算符重在功能：

 一下为Python运算符重在调用的方法如下：

 Method Overloads Call for

 __init__ 构造函数 X=Class()

 __del__ 析构函数 对象销毁

 __add__ + X+Y,X+=Y

 __or__ | X|Y,X|=Y

 __repr__ 打印转换 print X，repr(X)

 __str__ 打印转换 print X，str(X)

 __call__ 调用函数 X()

 __getattr_ 限制 X.undefine

 __setattr__ 取值 X.any=value

 __getitem__ 索引 X[key]，

 __len__ 长度 len(X)

 __cmp__ 比较 X==Y,X

 __lt__ 小于 X

 __eq__ 等于 X=Y

 __radd__ Right-Side + +X

 __iadd__ += X+=Y

 __iter__ 迭代 For In

 1. 减法重载 class Number:

 def __init__(self, start):

 self.data = start

 def __sub__(self, other): #minus method

 return Number(self.data - other)

 number = Number(20)

 y = number – 10 # invoke __sub__ method

 class Number:

 def __init__(self, start):

 self.data = start

 def __sub__(self, other): #minus method

 return Number(self.data - other)

 number = Number(20)

 y = number – 10 # invoke __sub__ method

 2. 迭代重载 class indexer:

 def __getitem__(self, index): #iter override

 return index ** 2

 X = indexer()

 X[2]

 for i in range(5):

 print X[i]

 class indexer:

 def __getitem__(self, index): #iter override

 return index ** 2

 X = indexer()

 X[2]

 for i in range(5):

 print X[i]

 3. 索引重载 class stepper:

 def __getitem__(self, i):

 return self.data[i]

 X = stepper()

 X.data = 'Spam'

 X[1] #call __getitem__

 for item in X: #call __getitem__

 print item

 class stepper:

 def __getitem__(self, i):

 return self.data[i]

 X = stepper()

 X.data = 'Spam'

 X[1] #call __getitem__

 for item in X: #call __getitem__

 print item

 4. getAttr/setAttr重载 class empty:

 def __getattr__(self,attrname):

 if attrname == 'age':

 return 40

 else:

 raise AttributeError,attrname

 X = empty()

 print X.age #call__getattr__

 class accesscontrol:

 def __setattr__(self, attr, value):

 if attr == 'age':

 # Self.attrname = value loops!

 self.__dict__[attr] = value

 else:

 print attr

 raise AttributeError, attr + 'not allowed'

 X = accesscontrol()

 X.age = 40 #call __setattr__

 X.name = 'wang' #raise exception

 class empty:

 def __getattr__(self,attrname):

 if attrname == 'age':

 return 40

 else:

 raise AttributeError,attrname

 X = empty()

 print X.age #call__getattr__

 class accesscontrol:

 def __setattr__(self, attr, value):

 if attr == 'age':

 # Self.attrname = value loops!

 self.__dict__[attr] = value

 else:

 print attr

 raise AttributeError, attr + 'not allowed'

 X = accesscontrol()

 X.age = 40 #call __setattr__

 X.name = 'wang' #raise exception

 5. 打印重载 class adder:

 def __init__(self, value=0):

 self.data = value

 def __add__(self, other):

 self.data += other

 class addrepr(adder):

 def __repr__(self):

 return 'addrepr(%s)' % self.data

 x = addrepr(2) #run __init__

 x + 1 #run __add__

 print x #run __repr__

 class adder:

 def __init__(self, value=0):

 self.data = value

 def __add__(self, other):

 self.data += other

 class addrepr(adder):

 def __repr__(self):

 return 'addrepr(%s)' % self.data

 x = addrepr(2) #run __init__

 x + 1 #run __add__

 print x #run __repr__

 6. Call调用函数重载 class Prod:

 def __init__(self, value):

 self.value = value

 def __call__(self, other):

 return self.value * other

 p = Prod(2) #call __init__

 print p(1) #call __call__

 print p(2)

 class Prod:

 def __init__(self, value):

 self.value = value

 def __call__(self, other):

 return self.value * other

 p = Prod(2) #call __init__

 print p(1) #call __call__

 print p(2)

 7. 析构函数重载 class Life:

 def __init__(self, name='name'):

 print 'Hello', name

 self.name = name

 def __del__(self):

 print 'Goodby', self.name

 brain = Life('Brain') #call __init__

 brain = 'loretta' # call __del__

 希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。