Netty学习（三）—Codec编解码基础

Netty学习（三）—Codec编解码基础

Codec框架无论是decoder还是encoder本质上都是ChannelHandler处理器，用来将字节转换成基本数据类型或者将基本数据类型转换成字节；

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原文地址：Netty学习（三）—Codec编解码基础

解码器

• 解码器用来将输入数据流按照特定的格式转换成目标程序格式，解码器的基础类包括ByteToMessageDecoder和MessageToMessageDecoder两种，这两个类都继承了ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter类，实现了自定义的ChannelRead()方法用于对输入字节流进行处理；

• 用户自定义特定作用的解码器都需继承ByteToMessageDecoder或MessageToMessageDecoder，实现其自定的解码方法decode()即可；

• ByteToMessageDecoder和MessageToMessageDecoder区别：

  • ByteToMessageDecoder解码基类用于将特定数量的字节转换成特定格式的消息，比如LineBasedFrameDecoder，DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder，FixedLengthFrameDecoder和LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder等都是继承ByteToMessageDecoder基类，实现其decode()方法；

  • MessageToMessageDecoder解码基类是用来将一个消息类型转换成另外一种消息格式，例如StringDecoder继承MessageToMessageDecoder将字节类型转换成字符类型；

ByteToMessageDecoder解码基类

• ByteToMessageDecoder继承了ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter，实现了ChannelRead()方法

public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
    if (msg instanceof ByteBuf) {
        CodecOutputList out = CodecOutputList.newInstance();
        try {
            ByteBuf data = (ByteBuf) msg;
            first = cumulation == null;
            if (first) {
                cumulation = data;
            } else {
                cumulation = cumulator.cumulate(ctx.alloc(), cumulation, data);
            }
            callDecode(ctx, cumulation, out);
        } catch (DecoderException e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            throw new DecoderException(t);
        } finally {
            if (cumulation != null && !cumulation.isReadable()) {
                numReads = 0;
                cumulation.release();
                cumulation = null;
            } else if (++ numReads >= discardAfterReads) {
                // We did enough reads already try to discard some bytes so we not risk to see a OOME.
                // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4275
                numReads = 0;
                discardSomeReadBytes();
            }

            int size = out.size();
            decodeWasNull = !out.insertSinceRecycled();
            fireChannelRead(ctx, out, size);
            out.recycle();
        }
    } else {
        ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
    }
}

• 在ChannelRead()中将数据流读入到ByteBuf中，调用自定义实现的decode()方法对ByteBuf进行处理；