第1次实验——NPC问题(回溯算法、聚类分析)

1）八皇后及N皇后问题

       八皇后问题，是一个古老而著名的问题，是回溯算法的典型案例。该问题是国际西洋棋棋手马克斯·贝瑟尔于1848年提出：在8X8格的国际象棋上摆放八个皇后，使其不能互相攻击，即任意两个皇后都不能处于同一行、同一列或同一斜线上，问有多少种摆法。 高斯认为有76种方案。1854年在柏林的象棋杂志上不同的作者发表了40种不同的解，后来有人用图论的方法解出92种结果。计算机发明后，有多种方法可以解决此问题。

      请编程实现八皇后问题，并把92种解的前三种解输出到屏幕（8*8的二维矩阵，Q代表皇后，X代表空）。并把此问题的求解过程延伸到N皇后问题。

       程序代码如下所示：

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