URLComponents

URLComponents

参考：

• Working With URLComponents In Swift
• URLComponents
• Building Safe URL in Swift Using URLComponents and URLQueryItem

为什么要使用URLComponents，例如要创建一个URL，我们可能会采用如下的拼接方式

let url = URL(string: "https://test.com/api/test/?search=\(searchTerm)&format=\(format)")

但是这种方式使用起来比较麻烦，也很容易出错

使用URLComponents可以避免这些问题

import Foundation

let searchTerm = "obi wan kenobi"
let format = "wookiee"

var urlComponents = URLComponents()
urlComponents.scheme = "https"
urlComponents.host = "swapi.co"
urlComponents.path = "/api/people"
urlComponents.queryItems = [
   URLQueryItem(name: "search", value: searchTerm),
   URLQueryItem(name: "format", value: format)
]

print(urlComponents.url?.absoluteString) 
// https://swapi.co/api/people?search=obi%20wan%20kenobi&format=wookie

将Dictionary转为URLQueryItem数组

import Foundation

extension URLComponents {
    
    mutating func setQueryItems(with parameters: [String: String]) {
        self.queryItems = parameters.map { URLQueryItem(name: $0.key, value: $0.value) }
    }
}

let queryParams: [String: String] = [
    "search": "obi wan kenobi",
    "format": "wookie"
]

var urlComponents = URLComponents()
urlComponents.scheme = "https"
urlComponents.host = "swapi.co"
urlComponents.path = "/api/people"
urlComponents.setQueryItems(with: queryParams)
print(urlComponents.url?.absoluteString)
// https://swapi.co/api/people?search=obi%20wan%20kenobi&format=wookie