Metric可以实现对于pod以及node对象cpu,内存指标的监控,要想获取更多的监控指标,可以使用custom-metrics自定义监控指标。
部署prometheus监控系统,prometheus采集其它各种指标,使用组件kube-state-metrics,将prometheus的metrics数据格式转换成k8s API接口能识别的格式,转换以后,用Kubernetes aggregator在主API服务器中注册,以便直接通过/apis/来访问。
Custom Metrics 部署流程
1. node-exporter:prometheus的agent端,收集Node级别的监控数据。
2. prometheus:监控服务端,从node-exporter拉数据并存储为时序数据。
3. kube-state-metrics: 将prometheus中可以用PromQL查询到的指标数据转换成k8s对应的数据格式,即转换成【Custerom Metrics API】接口格式的数据,但是它不能聚合进apiserver中的功能。
4. k8s-prometheus-adpater:聚合apiserver,即提供了一个apiserver【cuester-metrics-api】,自定义APIServer通常都要通过Kubernetes aggregator聚合到apiserver。
1.创建monitor命名空间:
[root@Ac-private-1 custom-metrics]# cat monitor-namespace.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: monitoring
kubectl apply -f monitor-namespace.yaml
2.部署node-exporter服务:
node-exporter:prometheus的agent端,收集Node级别的监控数据
https://github.com/mgxian/k8s-monitor/blob/master/node_exporter.yaml
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: node-exporter
namespace: monitoring
labels:
k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
containers:
- image: prom/node-exporter
name: node-exporter
ports:
- containerPort: 9100
protocol: TCP
name: http
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: node-exporter
name: node-exporter
namespace: monitoring
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 9100
nodePort: 31672
protocol: TCP
type: NodePort
selector:
k8s-app: node-exporter
端口映射31672---9100,宿主机暴露了31672端口:
curl http://192.168.1.16:31672/metrics
可以访问到宿主机的性能指标数据:cpu,mem,fs,net等指标数据
3.部署prometheus
prometheus:监控服务端,从node-exporter拉数据并存储为时序数据
https://github.com/stefanprodan/k8s-prom-hpa/tree/master/prometheus
rbac.yaml配置文件:
[root@Ac-private-1 prometheus]# cat prometheus-rbac.yaml
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources:
- nodes
- nodes/proxy
- services
- endpoints
- pods
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
- extensions
resources:
- ingresses
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: monitoring
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: prometheus
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: prometheus
namespace: monitoring
svc.yaml配置文件
[root@Ac-private-1 prometheus]# cat prometheus-svc.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 9090
targetPort: 9090
nodePort: 31190
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: prometheus
dep.yaml配置文件:
[root@Ac-private-1 prometheus]# cat prometheus-dep.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: monitoring
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: prometheus
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'
spec:
serviceAccountName: prometheus
containers:
- name: prometheus
image: prom/prometheus:v2.1.0
imagePullPolicy: Always
command:
- prometheus
- --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
- --storage.tsdb.retention=1h
ports:
- containerPort: 9090
protocol: TCP
resources:
limits:
memory: 2Gi
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
name: prometheus-config
subPath: prometheus.yml
volumes:
- name: prometheus-config
configMap:
name: prometheus-config
items:
- key: prometheus.yml
path: prometheus.yml
mode: 0644
cfg.yaml配置文件:
[root@Ac-private-1 prometheus]# cat prometheus-cfg.yaml
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
name: prometheus-config
namespace: monitoring
data:
prometheus.yml: |
# A scrape configuration for running Prometheus on a Kubernetes cluster.
# This uses separate scrape configs for cluster components (i.e. API server, node)
# and services to allow each to use different authentication configs.
#
# Kubernetes labels will be added as Prometheus labels on metrics via the
# `labelmap` relabeling action.
#
# If you are using Kubernetes 1.7.2 or earlier, please take note of the comments
# for the kubernetes-cadvisor job; you will need to edit or remove this job.
# Scrape config for API servers.
#
# Kubernetes exposes API servers as endpoints to the default/kubernetes
# service so this uses `endpoints` role and uses relabelling to only keep
# the endpoints associated with the default/kubernetes service using the
# default named port `https`. This works for single API server deployments as
# well as HA API server deployments.
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
scrape_timeout: 10s
evaluation_interval: 1m
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
# Default to scraping over https. If required, just disable this or change to
# `http`.
scheme: https
# This TLS & bearer token file config is used to connect to the actual scrape
# endpoints for cluster components. This is separate to discovery auth
# configuration because discovery & scraping are two separate concerns in
# Prometheus. The discovery auth config is automatic if Prometheus runs inside
# the cluster. Otherwise, more config options have to be provided within the
# <kubernetes_sd_config>.
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
# If your node certificates are self-signed or use a different CA to the
# master CA, then disable certificate verification below. Note that
# certificate verification is an integral part of a secure infrastructure
# so this should only be disabled in a controlled environment. You can
# disable certificate verification by uncommenting the line below.
#
# insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
# Keep only the default/kubernetes service endpoints for the https port. This
# will add targets for each API server which Kubernetes adds an endpoint to
# the default/kubernetes service.
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
- job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
# Default to scraping over https. If required, just disable this or change to
# `http`.
scheme: https
# This TLS & bearer token file config is used to connect to the actual scrape
# endpoints for cluster components. This is separate to discovery auth
# configuration because discovery & scraping are two separate concerns in
# Prometheus. The discovery auth config is automatic if Prometheus runs inside
# the cluster. Otherwise, more config options have to be provided within the
# <kubernetes_sd_config>.
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 192.168.1.15:6443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics
# Scrape config for Kubelet cAdvisor.
#
# This is required for Kubernetes 1.7.3 and later, where cAdvisor metrics
# (those whose names begin with 'container_') have been removed from the
# Kubelet metrics endpoint. This job scrapes the cAdvisor endpoint to
# retrieve those metrics.
#
# In Kubernetes 1.7.0-1.7.2, these metrics are only exposed on the cAdvisor
# HTTP endpoint; use "replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}:4194/proxy/metrics"
# in that case (and ensure cAdvisor's HTTP server hasn't been disabled with
# the --cadvisor-port=0 Kubelet flag).
#
# This job is not necessary and should be removed in Kubernetes 1.6 and
# earlier versions, or it will cause the metrics to be scraped twice.
- job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
# Default to scraping over https. If required, just disable this or change to
# `http`.
scheme: https
# This TLS & bearer token file config is used to connect to the actual scrape
# endpoints for cluster components. This is separate to discovery auth
# configuration because discovery & scraping are two separate concerns in
# Prometheus. The discovery auth config is automatic if Prometheus runs inside
# the cluster. Otherwise, more config options have to be provided within the
# <kubernetes_sd_config>.
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 192.168.1.15:6443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
# Scrape config for service endpoints.
#
# The relabeling allows the actual service scrape endpoint to be configured
# via the following annotations:
#
# * `prometheus.io/scrape`: Only scrape services that have a value of `true`
# * `prometheus.io/scheme`: If the metrics endpoint is secured then you will need
# to set this to `https` & most likely set the `tls_config` of the scrape config.
# * `prometheus.io/path`: If the metrics path is not `/metrics` override this.
# * `prometheus.io/port`: If the metrics are exposed on a different port to the
# service then set this appropriately.
- job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_name
# Example scrape config for pods
#
# The relabeling allows the actual pod scrape endpoint to be configured via the
# following annotations:
#
# * `prometheus.io/scrape`: Only scrape pods that have a value of `true`
# * `prometheus.io/path`: If the metrics path is not `/metrics` override this.
# * `prometheus.io/port`: Scrape the pod on the indicated port instead of the
# pod's declared ports (default is a port-free target if none are declared).
- job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
# if you want to use metrics on jobs, set the below field to
# true to prevent Prometheus from setting the `job` label
# automatically.
honor_labels: false
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
# skip verification so you can do HTTPS to pods
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
# make sure your labels are in order
relabel_configs:
# these labels tell Prometheus to automatically attach source
# pod and namespace information to each collected sample, so
# that they'll be exposed in the custom metrics API automatically.
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
action: replace
target_label: pod
# these labels tell Prometheus to look for
# prometheus.io/{scrape,path,port} annotations to configure
# how to scrape
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
target_label: __address__
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (.+)
- job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes-physical'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_role]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_role
- source_labels: [__address__]
regex: '(.*):10250'
replacement: '${1}:31672'
target_label: __address__
cfg中定义了prometheus中数据来源,其中Node物理节点数据由node-exporter来收集,容器数据使用Cadvisor来收集,注意端口号以及IP的对应性,保证可以正确访问到数据源
服务对外暴露31190端口,可以图形化访问服务以及各种性能指标
以下是prometheus接入数据源的信息
访问容器的IO状态
访问Node的IO状态
4.部署kube-state-metrics
将prometheus中可以用PromQL查询到的指标数据转换成k8s对应的数据格式,即转换成【Custerom Metrics API】接口格式的数据
https://github.com/mgxian/k8s-monitor/blob/master/kube-state-metrics.yaml
5.部署组件k8s-prometheus-adapter
https://github.com/stefanprodan/k8s-prom-hpa/tree/master/custom-metrics-api
6.Grafana图形化显示Promethues数据
部署Grafana
kubectl apply -f grafana.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: monitoring-grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
spec:
containers:
- name: grafana
image: daocloud.io/liukuan73/grafana:5.0.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /var
name: grafana-storage
env:
- name: INFLUXDB_HOST
value: monitoring-influxdb
- name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
value: "3000"
# The following env variables are required to make Grafana accessible via
# the kubernetes api-server proxy. On production clusters, we recommend
# removing these env variables, setup auth for grafana, and expose the grafana
# service using a LoadBalancer or a public IP.
- name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
value: "false"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
value: "true"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
value: Admin
- name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
# If you're only using the API Server proxy, set this value instead:
# value: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy
value: /
volumes:
- name: grafana-storage
emptyDir: {}
#nodeSelector:
#node-role.kubernetes.io/master: "true"
#tolerations:
#- key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master"
#effect: "NoSchedule"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
# For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)
# If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafana
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
prometheus.io/tcp-probe: 'true'
prometheus.io/tcp-probe-port: '80'
name: monitoring-grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
type: NodePort
# In a production setup, we recommend accessing Grafana through an external Loadbalancer
# or through a public IP.
# type: LoadBalancer
# You could also use NodePort to expose the service at a randomly-generated port
# type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 3000
nodePort: 30007
selector:
k8s-app: grafana
访问Grafanaweb页面 http://nodeIp:30007
添加数据源:
添加显示模板,模板文件可以参考官网https://grafana.com/dashboards
下载模板json文件,上传至grafana服务端
查看效果:
参考链接:
https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/custom-metrics-apiserver/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md
https://github.com/stefanprodan/k8s-prom-hpa/tree/master/prometheus
https://cloud.tencent.com/info/d735182c2b8aa8380b5752dc5d2c972c.html
https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter
https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/4438.html
https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_35930259/article/details/80456470
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/prometheus
http://blog.51cto.com/newfly/2299768
https://blog.csdn.net/liukuan73/article/details/78881008
https://github.com/liukuan73/kubernetes-addons/blob/master/monitor