JVM进阶5--JVM启动过程JavaVMOption分析

JVM启动时，需要从java命令以及操作系统读取一系列配置参数来进行JVM创建工作。

JVM参数配置由结构体JavaVMOption来定义保存

/*
 * List of VM options to be specified when the VM is created.
 */
static JavaVMOption *options;
static int numOptions, maxOptions;

typedef struct JavaVMOption {
    char *optionString;
    void *extraInfo;
} JavaVMOption;

其中还有两个变量分别表示参数个数以及最大参数个数，用于当参数过多时，需要进行内存分配。由于参数不确定，因此系统初始化JavaVMOption具有一定的容量，当参数过多时，需要将JavaVMOption扩容。

参数配置解析的过程就是对于结构体JavaVMOption赋值初始化的过程

                                      

CLASSPATH环境变量

由以下源码可知，classpath变量默认读取系统环境变量“CLASSPATH”，如果该变量没有配置，则设置为.,表示当前路径。

    if (IsJavaArgs()) {
        /* Preprocess wrapper arguments */
        TranslateApplicationArgs(jargc, jargv, &argc, &argv);
        if (!AddApplicationOptions(appclassc, appclassv)) {
            return(1);
        }
    } else {
        /* Set default CLASSPATH */
        cpath = getenv("CLASSPATH");
        if (cpath == NULL) {
            cpath = ".";
        }
        SetClassPath(cpath);
    }

使用形式-Djava.class.path=%s来设定classpath

static void
SetClassPath(const char *s)
{
    char *def;
    const char *orig = s;
    static const char format[] = "-Djava.class.path=%s";
    /*
     * usually we should not get a null pointer, but there are cases where
     * we might just get one, in which case we simply ignore it, and let the
     * caller deal with it
     */
    if (s == NULL)
        return;
    s = JLI_WildcardExpandClasspath(s);
    if (sizeof(format) - 2 + JLI_StrLen(s) < JLI_StrLen(s))
        // s is corrupted after wildcard expansion
        return;
    def = JLI_MemAlloc(sizeof(format)
                       - 2 /* strlen("%s") */
                       + JLI_StrLen(s));
    sprintf(def, format, s);
    AddOption(def, NULL);
    if (s != orig)
        JLI_MemFree((char *) s);
}

Java命令行参数解析

主要来解析java指令其后的参数配置，例如classpath  Xmx  Xms  Xss等。

    /* Parse command line options; if the return value of
     * ParseArguments is false, the program should exit.
     */
    if (!ParseArguments(&argc, &argv, &mode, &what, &ret, jrepath))
    {
        return(ret);
    }

具体的参数解析过程如下：

/*
 * Parses command line arguments.  Returns JNI_FALSE if launcher
 * should exit without starting vm, returns JNI_TRUE if vm needs
 * to be started to process given options.  *pret (the launcher
 * process return value) is set to 0 for a normal exit.
 */
static jboolean
ParseArguments(int *pargc, char ***pargv,
               int *pmode, char **pwhat,
               int *pret, const char *jrepath)
{
    int argc = *pargc;
    char **argv = *pargv;
    int mode = LM_UNKNOWN;
    char *arg;

    *pret = 0;

    while ((arg = *argv) != 0 && *arg == '-') {
        argv++; --argc;
        if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-classpath") == 0 || JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-cp") == 0) {
            ARG_CHECK (argc, ARG_ERROR1, arg);
            SetClassPath(*argv);
            mode = LM_CLASS;
            argv++; --argc;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-jar") == 0) {
            ARG_CHECK (argc, ARG_ERROR2, arg);
            mode = LM_JAR;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-help") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-h") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-?") == 0) {
            printUsage = JNI_TRUE;
            return JNI_TRUE;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-version") == 0) {
            printVersion = JNI_TRUE;
            return JNI_TRUE;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-showversion") == 0) {
            showVersion = JNI_TRUE;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-X") == 0) {
            printXUsage = JNI_TRUE;
            return JNI_TRUE;
/*
 * The following case checks for -XshowSettings OR -XshowSetting:SUBOPT.
 * In the latter case, any SUBOPT value not recognized will default to "all"
 */
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-XshowSettings") == 0 ||
                JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-XshowSettings:") == 0) {
            showSettings = arg;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-Xdiag") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Dsun.java.launcher.diag=true", NULL);
/*
 * The following case provide backward compatibility with old-style
 * command line options.
 */
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-fullversion") == 0) {
            JLI_ReportMessage("%s full version \"%s\"", _launcher_name, GetFullVersion());
            return JNI_FALSE;
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-verbosegc") == 0) {
            AddOption("-verbose:gc", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-t") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xt", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-tm") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xtm", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-debug") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xdebug", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-noclassgc") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xnoclassgc", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-Xfuture") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xverify:all", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-verify") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xverify:all", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-verifyremote") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xverify:remote", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-noverify") == 0) {
            AddOption("-Xverify:none", NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-prof") == 0) {
            char *p = arg + 5;
            char *tmp = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(arg) + 50);
            if (*p) {
                sprintf(tmp, "-Xrunhprof:cpu=old,file=%s", p + 1);
            } else {
                sprintf(tmp, "-Xrunhprof:cpu=old,file=java.prof");
            }
            AddOption(tmp, NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-ss") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-oss") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-ms") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-mx") == 0) {
            char *tmp = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(arg) + 6);
            sprintf(tmp, "-X%s", arg + 1); /* skip '-' */
            AddOption(tmp, NULL);
        } else if (JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-checksource") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-cs") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-noasyncgc") == 0) {
            /* No longer supported */
            JLI_ReportErrorMessage(ARG_WARN, arg);
        } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-version:") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-no-jre-restrict-search") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCmp(arg, "-jre-restrict-search") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-splash:") == 0) {
            ; /* Ignore machine independent options already handled */
        } else if (ProcessPlatformOption(arg)) {
            ; /* Processing of platform dependent options */
        } else if (RemovableOption(arg)) {
            ; /* Do not pass option to vm. */
        } else {
            AddOption(arg, NULL);
        }
    }

    if (--argc >= 0) {
        *pwhat = *argv++;
    }

    if (*pwhat == NULL) {
        *pret = 1;
    } else if (mode == LM_UNKNOWN) {
        /* default to LM_CLASS if -jar and -cp option are
         * not specified */
        mode = LM_CLASS;
    }

    if (argc >= 0) {
        *pargc = argc;
        *pargv = argv;
    }

    *pmode = mode;

    return JNI_TRUE;
}

基本过程就是接收java指令传递的参数，进行判断处理，然后利用AddOption方法写入到JavaVMOption中。

常见的堆大小以及线程栈大小配置参数

Xss每个线程的堆栈大小    Xoss本地方法栈的大小     Xms堆区初始值     Xmx堆区最大值

        } else if (JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-ss") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-oss") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-ms") == 0 ||
                   JLI_StrCCmp(arg, "-mx") == 0) {
            char *tmp = JLI_MemAlloc(JLI_StrLen(arg) + 6);
            sprintf(tmp, "-X%s", arg + 1); /* skip '-' */
            AddOption(tmp, NULL);

void
AddOption(char *str, void *info)
{
    /*
     * Expand options array if needed to accommodate at least one more
     * VM option.
     */
    if (numOptions >= maxOptions) {
        if (options == 0) {
            maxOptions = 4;
            options = JLI_MemAlloc(maxOptions * sizeof(JavaVMOption));
        } else {
            JavaVMOption *tmp;
            maxOptions *= 2;
            tmp = JLI_MemAlloc(maxOptions * sizeof(JavaVMOption));
            memcpy(tmp, options, numOptions * sizeof(JavaVMOption));
            JLI_MemFree(options);
            options = tmp;
        }
    }
    options[numOptions].optionString = str;
    options[numOptions++].extraInfo = info;

    if (JLI_StrCCmp(str, "-Xss") == 0) {
        jlong tmp;
        if (parse_size(str + 4, &tmp)) {
            threadStackSize = tmp;
        }
    }

    if (JLI_StrCCmp(str, "-Xmx") == 0) {
        jlong tmp;
        if (parse_size(str + 4, &tmp)) {
            maxHeapSize = tmp;
        }
    }

    if (JLI_StrCCmp(str, "-Xms") == 0) {
        jlong tmp;
        if (parse_size(str + 4, &tmp)) {
           initialHeapSize = tmp;
        }
    }
}

待执行的类路径以及main方法解析

    /* set the -Dsun.java.command pseudo property */
    SetJavaCommandLineProp(what, argc, argv);

/*
 * inject the -Dsun.java.command pseudo property into the args structure
 * this pseudo property is used in the HotSpot VM to expose the
 * Java class name and arguments to the main method to the VM. The
 * HotSpot VM uses this pseudo property to store the Java class name
 * (or jar file name) and the arguments to the class's main method
 * to the instrumentation memory region. The sun.java.command pseudo
 * property is not exported by HotSpot to the Java layer.
 */
void
SetJavaCommandLineProp(char *what, int argc, char **argv)

JavaVMOption参数构建完毕，在JavaMain  InitializeJVM方法中来构造JavaVMInitArgs结构体

/*
 * Initializes the Java Virtual Machine. Also frees options array when
 * finished.
 */
static jboolean
InitializeJVM(JavaVM **pvm, JNIEnv **penv, InvocationFunctions *ifn)
{
    JavaVMInitArgs args;
    jint r;

    memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
    args.version  = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
    args.nOptions = numOptions;
    args.options  = options;
    args.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;

最后通过JNI CreateJavaVM来创建JVM

r = ifn->CreateJavaVM(pvm, (void **)penv, &args);

ifn->CreateJavaVM = (CreateJavaVM_t)
        dlsym(libjvm, "JNI_CreateJavaVM");

_JNI_IMPORT_OR_EXPORT_ jint JNICALL JNI_CreateJavaVM(JavaVM **vm, void **penv, void *args) 

result = Threads::create_vm((JavaVMInitArgs*) args, &can_try_again);

可知最终JavaVMOption--》JavaVMInitArgs，然后由Threads::create_vm来创建JVM。

更新一下JVM启动结构示意图