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1.概念
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中文版
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创建并返回此对象的一个副本。“副本”的准确含义可能依赖于对象的类。这样做的目的是,对于任何对象 x,表达式:
x.clone() != x
x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()
x.clone().equals(x)
按照惯例,返回的对象应该通过调用 super.clone 获得。如果一个类及其所有的超类(Object 除外)都遵守此约定,则 x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()。
按照惯例,此方法返回的对象应该独立于该对象(正被复制的对象)。要获得此独立性,在 super.clone 返回对象之前,有必要对该对象的一个或多个字段进行修改。这通常意味着要复制包含正在被复制对象的内部“深层结构”的所有可变对象,并使用对副本的引用替换对这些对象的引用。如果一个类只包含基本字段或对不变对象的引用,那么通常不需要修改 super.clone 返回的对象中的字段。
Object 类的 clone 方法执行特定的复制操作。首先,如果此对象的类不能实现接口 Cloneable,则会抛出 CloneNotSupportedException。注意,所有的数组都被视为实现接口Cloneable。否则,此方法会创建此对象的类的一个新实例,并像通过分配那样,严格使用此对象相应字段的内容初始化该对象的所有字段;这些字段的内容没有被自我复制。所以,此方法执行的是该对象的“浅表复制”,而不“深层复制”操作。
Object 类本身不实现接口 Cloneable,所以在类为 Object 的对象上调用 clone 方法将会导致在运行时抛出异常。
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返回:
- 此实例的一个副本。 抛出:
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CloneNotSupportedException
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接口,则重写clone
方法的子类也会抛出此异常,以指示无法复制某个实例。
另请参见:
英文版 ^_^
/**
* Creates and returns a copy of this object. The precise meaning
* of "copy" may depend on the class of the object. The general
* intent is that, for any object <tt>x</tt>, the expression:
* <blockquote>
* <pre>
* x.clone() != x</pre></blockquote>
* will be true, and that the expression:
* <blockquote>
* <pre>
* x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()</pre></blockquote>
* will be <tt>true</tt>, but these are not absolute requirements.
* While it is typically the case that:
* <blockquote>
* <pre>
* x.clone().equals(x)</pre></blockquote>
* will be <tt>true</tt>, this is not an absolute requirement.
* <p>
* By convention, the returned object should be obtained by calling
* <tt>super.clone</tt>. If a class and all of its superclasses (except
* <tt>Object</tt>) obey this convention, it will be the case that
* <tt>x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()</tt>.
* <p>
* By convention, the object returned by this method should be independent
* of this object (which is being cloned). To achieve this independence,
* it may be necessary to modify one or more fields of the object returned
* by <tt>super.clone</tt> before returning it. Typically, this means
* copying any mutable objects that comprise the internal "deep structure"
* of the object being cloned and replacing the references to these
* objects with references to the copies. If a class contains only
* primitive fields or references to immutable objects, then it is usually
* the case that no fields in the object returned by <tt>super.clone</tt>
* need to be modified.
* <p>
* The method <tt>clone</tt> for class <tt>Object</tt> performs a
* specific cloning operation. First, if the class of this object does
* not implement the interface <tt>Cloneable</tt>, then a
* <tt>CloneNotSupportedException</tt> is thrown. Note that all arrays
* are considered to implement the interface <tt>Cloneable</tt>.
* Otherwise, this method creates a new instance of the class of this
* object and initializes all its fields with exactly the contents of
* the corresponding fields of this object, as if by assignment; the
* contents of the fields are not themselves cloned. Thus, this method
* performs a "shallow copy" of this object, not a "deep copy" operation.
* <p>
* The class <tt>Object</tt> does not itself implement the interface
* <tt>Cloneable</tt>, so calling the <tt>clone</tt> method on an object
* whose class is <tt>Object</tt> will result in throwing an
* exception at run time.
*
* @return a clone of this instance.
* @exception CloneNotSupportedException if the object's class does not
* support the <code>Cloneable</code> interface. Subclasses
* that override the <code>clone</code> method can also
* throw this exception to indicate that an instance cannot
* be cloned.
* @see java.lang.Cloneable
*/
2.自己的理解
要想克隆对象,对象本省应该实现Cloneable 接口,就像序列话对象需要实现Serializable接口一样。虽然接口里没什么方法,但是当作标识。
然后java doc 也说了,要是你的成员变量里有,可变的(mutable field) ,那就比较麻烦了,如果你想一个对象,有clone功能,你应该重写Object的clone() 方法,因为踏实protect修饰的所以你只能在它的子类里使用该方法,岂不是很坑。另为,不重写父类的clone方法的话,你只能复制这个成员变量的引用,
所以要想此成员变量可以clone 他也得和要clone的这个类一样,实现Cloneable 接口,以此递归下去,知道这个类完全由基础类型组成为止。
String 是个特殊,踏实不可变的一旦赋值则不能改变。引用可以再赋其他字符串值,但是先前的那个值在虚拟机里并没有变。
java的clone到底说了点什么事情
最新推荐文章于 2021-03-19 12:20:11 发布