9、外观模式(Facade)
外观模式是为了解决类与类之家的依赖关系的,像spring一样,可以将类和类之间的关系配置到配置文件中,而外观模式就是将他们的关系放在一个Facade类中,降低了类类之间的耦合度,该模式中没有涉及到接口,看下类图:(我们以一个计算机的启动过程为例)
我们先看下实现类:
[java]
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- public class CPU {
- public void startup(){
- System.out.println("cpu startup!");
- }
- public void shutdown(){
- System.out.println("cpu shutdown!");
- }
- }
[java]
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- public class Memory {
- public void startup(){
- System.out.println("memory startup!");
- }
- public void shutdown(){
- System.out.println("memory shutdown!");
- }
- }
[java]
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- public class Disk {
- public void startup(){
- System.out.println("disk startup!");
- }
- public void shutdown(){
- System.out.println("disk shutdown!");
- }
- }
[java]
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- public class Computer {
- private CPU cpu;
- private Memory memory;
- private Disk disk;
- public Computer(){
- cpu = new CPU();
- memory = new Memory();
- disk = new Disk();
- }
- public void startup(){
- System.out.println("start the computer!");
- cpu.startup();
- memory.startup();
- disk.startup();
- System.out.println("start computer finished!");
- }
- public void shutdown(){
- System.out.println("begin to close the computer!");
- cpu.shutdown();
- memory.shutdown();
- disk.shutdown();
- System.out.println("computer closed!");
- }
- }
User类如下:
[java]
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- public class User {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Computer computer = new Computer();
- computer.startup();
- computer.shutdown();
- }
- }
输出:
start the computer!
cpu startup!
memory startup!
disk startup!
start computer finished!
begin to close the computer!
cpu shutdown!
memory shutdown!
disk shutdown!
computer closed!
如果我们没有Computer类,那么,CPU、Memory、Disk他们之间将会相互持有实例,产生关系,这样会造成严重的依赖,修改一个类,可能会带来其他类的修改,这不是我们想要看到的,有了Computer类,他们之间的关系被放在了Computer类里,这样就起到了解耦的作用,这,就是外观模式!