String 源码

java.lang.String
final class String
    implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence

1.类变量&常量

    private final char value[];     //用于存储值的char型数组

    private int hash; // 默认为0

    //新建一个CaseInsensitiveComparator类，用于调用其compareTo方法
    public static final Comparator<String> CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER
                                         = new CaseInsensitiveComparator();

2.构造函数

    //默认构造方式
    public String() {           
        this.value = "".value;
    }

    //下面是对byte[]数组的编码的构造方式
    public String(byte bytes[]) {
        this(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
    }

    public String(byte bytes[], String charsetName)
            throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        this(bytes, 0, bytes.length, charsetName);
    }

    public String(byte bytes[], Charset charset) {
        this(bytes, 0, bytes.length, charset);
    }

    public String(byte bytes[], int offset, int length) {
        checkBounds(bytes, offset, length);     //检查边界条件
        //以默认的编码方式进行编码，若无则以ISO-8859-1编码
        this.value = StringCoding.decode(bytes, offset, length);
    }

    //以charsetName的编码方式对bytes[]数组进行编码
    public String(byte bytes[], int offset, int length, String charsetName)
            throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        if (charsetName == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");
        checkBounds(bytes, offset, length);
        this.value = StringCoding.decode(charsetName, bytes, offset, length);
    }

    public String(byte bytes[], int offset, int length, Charset charset) {
        if (charset == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("charset");
        checkBounds(bytes, offset, length);
        this.value =  StringCoding.decode(charset, bytes, offset, length);
    }

    //下面是输入char[]数组的构造方式
    public String(char value[]) {
        this.value = Arrays.copyOf(value, value.length);    //对value[]进行拷贝
    }

    //为了更快的对String进行构造
    String(char[] value, boolean share) {
        // assert share : "unshared not supported";
        this.value = value;
    }

    //有边界范围的拷贝
    public String(char value[], int offset, int count) {
        if (offset < 0) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
        }
        if (count <= 0) {
            if (count < 0) {
                throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
            }
            if (offset <= value.length) {
                this.value = "".value;
                return;
            }
        }
        // Note: offset or count might be near -1>>>1.
        if (offset > value.length - count) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
        }
        this.value = Arrays.copyOfRange(value, offset, offset+count);
    }

    //下面是以String参数的构造方法
    public String(String original) {
        this.value = original.value;
        this.hash = original.hash;
    }

    //同步的构造方法，以StringBuffer作为参数
    public String(StringBuffer buffer) {
        synchronized(buffer) {
            this.value = Arrays.copyOf(buffer.getValue(), buffer.length());
        }
    }

    //非同步的构造方法，以StringBuilder作为参数
    public String(StringBuilder builder) {
        this.value = Arrays.copyOf(builder.getValue(), builder.length());
    }

3.内部类

CaseInsensitiveComparator implements Comparator<String>, java.io.Serializable 
继承了Comparator接口，实现了compareTo方法，对String类型的数进行比较，忽略大小写
    public int compare(String s1, String s2) {
            int n1 = s1.length();
            int n2 = s2.length();
            int min = Math.min(n1, n2);     //只比较到二者最小的长度
            for (int i = 0; i < min; i++) {
                char c1 = s1.charAt(i);
                char c2 = s2.charAt(i);
                if (c1 != c2) {
                    c1 = Character.toUpperCase(c1);
                    c2 = Character.toUpperCase(c2);
                    if (c1 != c2) {
                        c1 = Character.toLowerCase(c1);
                        c2 = Character.toLowerCase(c2);
                        if (c1 != c2) {
                            // 不会发生逸出，以为char类型为16位
                            return c1 - c2;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return n1 - n2;
        }

4.重要方法

1.indexOf方法，返回某个char或者String子串在源字符串中首次出现的位置、
    public int indexOf(int ch) {
        return indexOf(ch, 0);
    }

    public int indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) { //注意这里的输入参数类型是int
        final int max = value.length;
        if (fromIndex < 0) {
            fromIndex = 0;
        } else if (fromIndex >= max) {
            // Note: fromIndex might be near -1>>>1.
            return -1;
        }

        if (ch < Character.MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT) {
            // handle most cases here (ch is a BMP code point or a
            // negative value (invalid code point))
            final char[] value = this.value;
            for (int i = fromIndex; i < max; i++) {
                if (value[i] == ch) {
                    return i;
                }
            }
            return -1;
        } else {
            return indexOfSupplementary(ch, fromIndex);
        }
    }

    public int indexOf(String str) {
        return indexOf(str, 0);
    }

    public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {
        return indexOf(value, 0, value.length,
                str.value, 0, str.value.length, fromIndex);
    }

    static int indexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount,
            String target, int fromIndex) {
        return indexOf(source, sourceOffset, sourceCount,
                       target.value, 0, target.value.length,
                       fromIndex);
    }

    //查找指定子串的位置
    static int indexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount,
            char[] target, int targetOffset, int targetCount,
            int fromIndex) {
        if (fromIndex >= sourceCount) {
            return (targetCount == 0 ? sourceCount : -1);
        }
        if (fromIndex < 0) {
            fromIndex = 0;
        }
        if (targetCount == 0) {
            return fromIndex;
        }

        char first = target[targetOffset];
        int max = sourceOffset + (sourceCount - targetCount);

        for (int i = sourceOffset + fromIndex; i <= max; i++) {
            /* Look for first character. */
            if (source[i] != first) {
                while (++i <= max && source[i] != first);//一直循环直到找到第一个字符
            }

            /* Found first character, now look at the rest of v2 */
            if (i <= max) {
                int j = i + 1;
                int end = j + targetCount - 1;
                for (int k = targetOffset + 1; j < end && source[j]
                        == target[k]; j++, k++);

                if (j == end) {
                    /* Found whole string. */
                    return i - sourceOffset;    //返回第一个字符串的位置
                }
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

2.valueOf函数，静态且返回类型为一个新的String字符串
    public static String valueOf(boolean b) {
        return b ? "true" : "false";
    }

    public static String valueOf(char c) {
        char data[] = {c};
        return new String(data, true);
    }

    public static String valueOf(int i) {
        return Integer.toString(i);
    }

    public static String valueOf(long l) {
        return Long.toString(l);
    }

    public static String valueOf(float f) {
        return Float.toString(f);
    }

    public static String valueOf(double d) {
        return Double.toString(d);
    }

3.返回指定的位置上的char
public char charAt(int index) {
        if ((index < 0) || (index >= value.length)) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
        }
        return value[index];
    }

4.compareTo，继承自Comparable接口，比较两个字符串的大小
    public int compareTo(String anotherString) {
        int len1 = value.length;
        int len2 = anotherString.value.length;
        int lim = Math.min(len1, len2);
        char v1[] = value;
        char v2[] = anotherString.value;

        int k = 0;
        while (k < lim) {
            char c1 = v1[k];
            char c2 = v2[k];
            if (c1 != c2) { //只要有不相同的字符出现，立即比较并返回
                return c1 - c2;
            }
            k++;
        }
        return len1 - len2;
    }

5.连接两个字符串concat
    public String concat(String str) {
        int otherLen = str.length();
        if (otherLen == 0) {
            return this;
        }
        int len = value.length;
        char buf[] = Arrays.copyOf(value, len + otherLen);
        str.getChars(buf, len);
        return new String(buf, true);
    }

    void getChars(char dst[],int dstBegin){//将value的值拷贝到dst数组(dstBegin处开始)
        System.arraycopy(value, 0, dst, dstBegin, value.length);
    }

6.求hash值&equals方法&toString方法，继承自Object类
    public int hashCode() {
        int h = hash;
        if (h == 0 && value.length > 0) {
            char val[] = value;

            for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
                h = 31 * h + val[i];        //求hash值得表达式
            }
            hash = h;
        }
        return h;
    }

    public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
        if (this == anObject) {
            return true;
        }
        if (anObject instanceof String) {
            String anotherString = (String)anObject;
            int n = value.length;
            if (n == anotherString.value.length) {  //先比较二者长度
                char v1[] = value;
                char v2[] = anotherString.value;
                int i = 0;
                while (n-- != 0) {
                    if (v1[i] != v2[i])
                        return false;
                    i++;
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return this;
    }

7.替换函数replace，将oldChar替换成newChar,完全返回一个new String
    public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar) {
        if (oldChar != newChar) {
            int len = value.length;
            int i = -1;
            char[] val = value; /* avoid getfield opcode */

            while (++i < len) {
                if (val[i] == oldChar) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (i < len) {
                char buf[] = new char[len];
                for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                    buf[j] = val[j];
                }
                while (i < len) {
                    char c = val[i];
                    buf[i] = (c == oldChar) ? newChar : c;
                    i++;
                }
                return new String(buf, true);
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

8.变换成char数组
    public char[] toCharArray() {
        //因为class文件的初始化顺序问题，不能用Arrays.copyOf方法
        char result[] = new char[value.length];
        System.arraycopy(value, 0, result, 0, value.length);
        return result;
    }

9.trim方法，返回一个新的字符串，其首部和尾部均不能为空格，其它和源字符串无区别
    public String trim() {
        int len = value.length;
        int st = 0;
        char[] val = value;    /* avoid getfield opcode */

        while ((st < len) && (val[st] <= ' ')) {
            st++;
        }
        while ((st < len) && (val[len - 1] <= ' ')) {
            len--;
        }
        return ((st > 0) || (len < value.length)) ? substring(st, len) : this;
    }