01-Spring组件注册-@Configuration&@Bean

通过 @Configuration 注解将 bean 注册到 Spring 容器中

XMl 方式注册 bean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="user" class="com.demon.bean.User">
        <property name="name" value="Demon-HY" />
        <property name="age" value="18" />
    </bean>
</beans>

@Configuration 方式注册bean

package com.demon.spring.annotation.config;

import com.demon.spring.annotation.bean.User;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * 配置类
 * @author Demon-HY
 * @date 2019-12-9
 */
@Configuration
public class Config {

    /**
     * 给 Spring 容器注册一个 bean, bean 的 id 默认是方法名</br>
     * 可以手动指定id: @Bean("方法名")
     */
    @Bean("user")
    public User user() {
        return new User("Demon-HY", 18);
    }
}

用到的 User 对象

/**
 * @author Demon-HY
 * @date 2019-12-9
 */
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {

    private String name;

    private Integer age;
}

这里用到了 lombak 注解简化代码

<!--简化代码-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.16.20</version>
</dependency>

编写测试用例

需要导入 Spring 核心容器的包

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

测试用例

package com.demon;

import com.demon.bean.User;
import com.demon.config.Config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

/**
 * @author Demon-HY
 * @date 2019-12-9
 */
public class MainTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // xml 方式生成 Spring 上下文
//        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
//        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
//        System.out.println(user);

        // 通过注解方式生成 Spring 上下文
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Config.class);

        // 通过ID获取用户
        User user2 = (User) context.getBean("user");
        System.out.println(user2);

        // 通过类名获取用户
        User user3 = context.getBean(User.class);
        System.out.println(user3);
    }
}

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