python时间操作

from datetime import datetime
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta

#=========================================================================
#从字符串转为datetime对象，format与bb必须严格匹配
bb = '2021-11-18 23:15:16'
cc = datetime.strptime(bb,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') 
cc
Out[37]: datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 18, 23, 15, 16)

#==========================================================================
#从datetime对象转换成字符串，不必严格匹配。可选择性取出
dd = datetime.strftime(cc, "%Y-%m-%d") 
dd
Out[39]: '2021-11-18'

#==========================================================================
#时间加减
#注意是months而非month，days而非day
#有什么不同，可以试试
ff = cc - relativedelta(months=1) + relativedelta(days=1) 
ff
Out[41]: datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 19, 23, 15, 16)

perl的时间操作：

use POSIX qw(strftime);

#这种方法可读性差
my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday, $isdst) = localtime;

print strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\n", localtime(time));

print strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\n", localtime(time) - 1*3600);

print strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\n", localtime(time) - 24*3600);

print strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\n", localtime(time) - 30*24*3600);


但这里有个诡异之处：

这样做是错的：
my $date = localtime(time);
my $today = strftime("%Y%m%d", $date);

而这样是对的：
my $today = strftime("%Y%m%d", localtime(time));