utf-8编码可能2个字节、3个字节、4个字节的字符,但是MySQL的utf8编码只支持3字节的数据,而移动端的表情数据是4个字节的字符。如果直接往采用utf-8编码的数据库中插入表情数据,Java程序中将报SQL异常
java.sql.SQLException: Incorrect string value: ‘\xF0\x9F\x92\x94’ for column ‘name’ at row 1
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1073)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3593)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3525)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1986)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2140)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2620)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1662)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1581)
解决方案:
1. MySQL的版本
utf8mb4的最低mysql版本支持版本为5.5.3+,若不是,请升级到较新版本。
2. MySQL驱动
5.1.34可用,最低不能低于5.1.13
3.修改MySQL配置文件
[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake=FALSE
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
中间不要包含空格!
4. 重启数据库,检查变量
SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character_set_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';
Variable_name | Value |
---|---|
character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
character_set_filesystem | binary |
character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
character_set_system | utf8 |
collation_connection | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
collation_database | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
collation_server | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
系统变量 | 描述 |
---|---|
character_set_client | (客户端来源数据使用的字符集) |
character_set_connection | (连接层字符集) |
character_set_database | (当前选中数据库的默认字符集) |
character_set_results | (查询结果字符集) |
character_set_server | (默认的内部操作字符集) |
5. 将数据库和已经建好的表也转换成utf8mb4
ALTER DATABASE DBNAME(实例名) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE TABLENAME(表名) CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
如有必要,还可以更改列的编码
ALTER TABLE TABLENAME MODIFY COLUMNNAME VARCHAR(60) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
(当表的数据过多时,会特别慢,且有可能会造成锁表,慎用!)
6. 数据库连接的配置
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/tableName?allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8或者
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/tableName?allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
原文地址: http://www.cnblogs.com/shihaiming/p/5855616.html