the 7 habits of highly effective people - be proactive

如何变得主动,或如何定义主动

外部环境对我们的影响可以被分成三种类型,第一种是基因决定论,祖先的身体基因决定了我们的身体表达,甚至也会有性格等影响。第二种是成长环境论,它认为我们小时候的生长环境决定了我们的为人处世的方式。第三种是环境论,它指的是我们现在所处的环境会决定我们如何表现自己的行为。这三种环境决定论都是基于刺激-反应理论,但是它们忽略了个人在刺激与反应之间可能做出的选择。

刺激-反应的考虑了潜意识对我们行为的影响,但其实,我们仍然可以做出有意识的选择,而正是长期的有意识选择最后决定了我们潜意识的行为。有意识的选择,在这里也被称为主动模式,它包括自我意识、未来想象、良知、以及独立的意愿。责任的含义就是选择的能力。在面对刺激的情况,我们可以选择做或者不做、做什么、如何做。变得主动意味着意识到对事件我们要付的责任。不要等待某件事情发生,然后获得一个有利的条件,而应该面对条件,想想自己可以做的事。这就是关注圈和影响圈的区别,在关注圈里面的许多事,我们常常无能为力,比如明天的天气等等,所以我们应当将我们的焦点放在影响圈里面。而我们在影响圈里面所做的事情,常常会改变我们整个关注圈,比如现在你决定不了自己能不能发SCI,但是如果你在某方面做了很深入的研究,那么你的影响圈会扩大,而某天你的想法可能会实现。

不要去想象我们拥有某些东西的时候会变得积极或快乐,而应该考虑在做什么的时候,你会变得更好。一旦我们对环境的要求太高,就会变得怨天尤人。行动产生的后果不能保证一定是好的,而这也是非常重要的一个必须面对的问题,如何面对错误。选择了行动,也决定不了结果,结果自有其内在的逻辑。通常来讲,错误并不会是让人致命的,而常常是我们自己的反应让我们受到伤害。比如在演讲的时候,忘词。对于观众来说,并无甚紧要,而对于评委而言,不过是降低你的分数。而只有你自己内心的折磨,才让你觉得这件事难以过去,其实大多数看起来很重要的事,回头看,并没有那么重要。

我们可以通过三十天计划去认识自己在面对环境,自己所拥有的自由。自我意识可以通过这种方式得到训练,这样才会意识到有些事没有那么简单,而有些事,没有那么难。

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Shifts in China’s Rural and Urban Population: 2000-2020 The bar chart clearly reveals that from 2000 to 2020, while the total population in China increased moderately from 1.25 billion to 1.41 billion, population in urban and rural areas experienced dramatic shifts in different directions. Urban population rose from 450 million in 2000 to 670 million in 2010 and 900 million in 2020; contrastingly, rural population declined from 800 million in 2000 to 680 million in 2010 and 510 million in 2020. The population gap narrowed largely because of the joint effects of urbanization, unequal economic opportunities in rural and urban areas, and the expansion of higher education. In the first place, there was a large-scale urban sprawl during this period. Places which had been part of the vast countryside were incorporated into cities, causing hundreds of millions of rural dwellers to be passively transformed into urban residents. What’s more, while urban living standards improved greatly in these years, few economic opportunities fell on rural areas and most peasant families remained at the poverty line. Poverty prompted the call for change, leading a large quantity of healthy young peasants to leave their hometowns and flock to cities for a better living. Last but not least, China’s higher education grew at an unprecedented rate in these years. More high school graduates than ever before entered colleges and universities, most of whom preferred to stay in urban areas after graduation for personal development. The increase in urban population was a sure indication of economic and educational achievements in China. It benefited the country in many aspects, relieving the shortage of labor force in cities, lessening the burden of peasants to support their families, and affording young people from rural areas more opportunities to display their talents. However, the migration of rural residents into urban areas inevitably brought about disadvantages. Some of them, such as waste of arable land and left-behind children in the countryside, as well as traffic congestion and soaring housing prices in cities, have already called the attention of the government and corresponding measures have begun to take effect. But others, especially the inability of many peasants to integrate into urban life due to their lack of education and civilized habits, have long been neglected. In this sense, we cannot be satisfied with the superficially optimistic figures in the chart, but should endeavor to foster the integration of these newcomers by providing them with adequate assistance in educational and cultural aspects, so that they can find easier access to the prosperity and convenience of urban life and be more fully devoted to the development of cities.翻译成英文版两百单词左右的文章
02-21

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