用Java套接字创建HTTP客户与服务器程序

服务器端代码如下：

package com.company;


import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class Server {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int port;
        port = 8081;

        ServerSocket serverSocket;
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
            System.out.println("server is listening port:" + serverSocket.getLocalPort());
            while (true) {
                Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
                System.out.println("build a link with client:" + socket.getInetAddress()
                    + ":" + socket.getPort());

                InputStream socketInputStream = socket.getInputStream();
                //等待HTTP请求
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(300);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                byte[] buffer = new byte[socketInputStream.available()];
                socketInputStream.read(buffer);
                String request = new String(buffer);
                System.out.println(request);

                String firstLineOfRequest = request.substring(0, request.indexOf("\r\n"));
                String[] firstLineParts = firstLineOfRequest.split(" ");
                String uri = firstLineParts[1];

                //意思意思的写了几个
                String contentType;
                if (uri.contains(".html") || uri.contains(".htm")) {
                    contentType = "text/html";
                } else {
                    if (uri.contains(".jpg") || uri.contains(".jpeg")) {
                        contentType = "image/jpeg";
                    } else {
                        contentType = "application/octet-stream";
                    }
                }

                //response result
                String responseFirstLine = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";
                String responseHeader = "Content-Type:" + contentType + "\r\n\r\n";
                InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\Study\\" +
                    "Java\\IDEA_Projects\\IdeaProjects\\src\\com\\company\\" + uri);

                OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
                outputStream.write(responseFirstLine.getBytes());
                outputStream.write(responseHeader.getBytes());

                int len = 0;
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                    outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
                }

                //等待客户接受HTTP响应结果
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                socket.close();

            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}  

　　客户端代码如下：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

//        String uri = "/index.jsp";
        String uri = "hello1.html";

        Socket socket = null;
        try {
            socket = new Socket("localhost",8081);

            StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer("GET " + uri + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");

            //意思意思的写了几个
            stringBuffer.append("Accept: */*\r\n");
            stringBuffer.append("Accept-Language: zh-cn\r\n");
            stringBuffer.append("Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\n");
            stringBuffer.append("Host: localhost:8080\r\n");
            stringBuffer.append("Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n\r\n");

            OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();

            System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString());
            outputStream.write(stringBuffer.toString().getBytes());

            //等待服务器的响应结果
            try {
                Thread.sleep(500);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
            byte[] bytes = new byte[inputStream.available()];
            inputStream.read(bytes);
            System.out.println(new String(bytes));

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (socket != null) {
                    socket.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

}

　　hello1.html代码如下：

<html>

    <head>
        <title>Hello World!</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <h1>Hello</h1>
        <p>cvdshjcbnddjsnc
        cbjdsncdjsncjsdnc
        cdjsmcdksncjedn</p>
    </body>

</html>  

　　服务器端的输出：

server is listening port:8081
build a link with client:/127.0.0.1:62760
GET hello1.html HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Host: localhost:8081
Connection: Keep-Alive  

　　客户端输出：

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type:text/html

<html>

    <head>
        <title>Hello World!</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <h1>Hello</h1>
        <p>cvdshjcbnddjsnc
        cbjdsncdjsncjsdnc
        cdjsmcdksncjedn</p>
    </body>

</html>  

　　当然除了用自己写的Client访问自己写的Server，也能用浏览器：

http://localhost:8081/hello1.html  

　　服务器这边的输出结果如下：

server is listening port:8081
build a link with client:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:49733
GET /hello1.html HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8081
Connection: keep-alive
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.112 Safari/537.36
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8,zh-CN;q=0.6,zh;q=0.4  

　　同样你也能用自己写的Client访问Tomcat，上面Client类的代码做两处改动即可（uri和端口号）：

String uri = "/index.jsp";
socket = new Socket("localhost",8080);  

　　返回的html比较长，就不贴了。
　　
　　至于为什么，因为它们都遵守HTTP协议。