DRM 驱动程序开发（VKMS）

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-12 14:38:43 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-12 14:38:43 发布

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分类专栏：内核驱动文章标签： linux gcc/gdb编译调试运维

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hexiaolong2009/article/details/105180621

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前言

距离上一篇《DRM 驱动程序开发（开篇）》已经过去快整整1年了，如果再不更新的话，这个 DRM 系列教程很可能就夭折了。之所以现在才写本文，主要有两个原因：1. 本人工作内容发生变动。2. 始终没找到合适的硬件平台来做示例讲解。其中第2点是我一直拖延的主要原因，因为作为示例教程，我希望它是硬件无关的，这样即使大家没有硬件环境也可以学习 DRM 驱动开发。可惜，最终找来找去也就 QEMU 比较可行，但需要自己开发模拟硬件，还在摸索中。

与其等到 QEMU 硬件开发完成（猴年马月），不如先找个最简单的 DRM 驱动程序讲讲，也不至于让那些关注本教程的人苦苦等待。好了，那就让我们直接上 VKMS 吧！

VKMS 简介

VKMS 是 “Virtual Kernel Mode Setting” 的缩写，它于2018年7月5日被合入到 linux-4.19 主线版本中，并存放在 drivers/gpu/drm/vkms 目录下。之所以称它为 Virtual KMS，是因为该驱动不需要真实的硬件，它完全是一个软件虚拟的“显示”设备，甚至连显示都算不上，因为当它运行时，你看不到任何显示内容。它唯一能提供的，就是一个由高精度 timer 模拟的 VSYNC 中断信号！该驱动存在的目的，主要是为了 DRM 框架自测试，以及方便那些无头显示器设备的调试应用。虽然我们看不到 VKMS 的显示效果，但是在驱动流程上，它实现了 modesetting 该有的基本操作。因其逻辑简单，代码量少，拿来做学习案例讲解再好不过。

在这里插入图片描述

随着内核版本的不断升级，添加到 VKMS 的功能也越来越多，截止到目前最新的内核版本 kernel 5.7-rc2，该 VKMS 驱动已经集成了如下功能：

Atomic Modeset
VBlank
Dumb Buffer
Cursor & Primary Plane
Framebuffer CRC 校验
Plane Composition
GEM Prime Import

linux-4.19-rc1 是 VKMS 的第一个版本，也最为简单，因此本文就以该版本为例，并将其反向移植到 linux-4.14.143 上，同时对代码做了进一步精简，尽量避免细枝末节。下面就跟着我一起来学习，如何从0到1实现一个 VKMS 驱动吧！

示例 1

这是一个最简单的 DRM 驱动代码：

#include <drm/drmP.h>

static struct drm_device drm;

static struct drm_driver vkms_driver = {
.name = “vkms”,
.desc = “Virtual Kernel Mode Setting”,
.date = “20180514”,
.major = 1,
.minor = 0,
};

static int __init vkms_init(void)
{
drm_dev_init(&drm, &vkms_driver, NULL);
drm_dev_register(&drm, 0);

<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

module_init(vkms_init);

你没看错，就这么几行代码！是不是颠覆了你对 DRM Driver 的认识？
我知道你在怀疑什么，让我们来看看这点代码能给我们带来些什么。我们将该驱动以 build-in 方式编译进内核，然后启动内核，如果你在 kernel log 中仔细查找，会发现有如下 drm log：

[drm] Initialized vkms 1.0.0 20180514 for virtual device on minor 0

 
 
 
 1

这些信息正是从上面的 name、date、major、minor 字段中获取的。除此之外，DRM 框架还为我们做了下面这些事情：

创建设备节点：/dev/dri/card0
创建 sysfs 节点：/sys/class/drm/card0
创建 debugfs 节点：/sys/kernel/debug/dri/0

当然，简单是以牺牲功能为代价的。该驱动目前什么事情也做不了，你唯一能做的就是查看该驱动的名字：

$ cat /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/name
vkms unique=vkms

 
 
 
 1
2

你甚至都无法对 /dev/dri/card0 进行 open 操作，因为该 vkms driver 都还没有实现 fops 接口！

即使不添加任何 DRM 驱动，仅仅只是让 DRM Core 代码参与编译，你会发现 DRM 框架已经为我们创建好了如下调试节点：

/sys/class/drm/
/sys/kernel/debug/dri/
/sys/module/drm/parameters/
/sys/module/drm_kms_helper/parameters/

示例 2

接下来我们给 vkms 添加上 fops 操作接口。

#include <drm/drmP.h>

static struct drm_device drm;

static const struct file_operations vkms_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = drm_open,
.release = drm_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = drm_ioctl,
.poll = drm_poll,
.read = drm_read,
};

static struct drm_driver vkms_driver = {
.fops = &vkms_fops,

<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"vkms"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>desc			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Virtual Kernel Mode Setting"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>date			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"20180514"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>major			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>minor			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

};

static int __init vkms_init(void)
{
drm_dev_init(&drm, &vkms_driver, NULL);
drm_dev_register(&drm, 0);

<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

module_init(vkms_init);

有了 fops，我们就可以对 card0 进行 open / read 操作了。更重要的是，我们现在可以进行一些简单的 ioctl 操作了！让我们看看现在可以执行哪些 IOCTL：

IOCTL	Userspace API	描述
DRM_IOCTL_VERSION	drmGetVersion()	获取 Driver 版本信息，即上面的 name、desc、date、major、minor 字段
DRM_IOCTL_GET_UNIQUE	drmGetBusid()	获取 Bus ID
DRM_IOCTL_GET_MAGIC	drmGetMagic()	获取 Magic Number，用于 GEM ioctl 权限检查
DRM_IOCTL_AUTH_MAGIC	drmAuthMagic()	通过当前 Magic Number 获取 GEM ioctl 的权限认证
DRM_IOCTL_GET_CLIENT	drmGetClient()	获取当前 DRM 设备上的所有 client 进程
DRM_IOCTL_GET_CAP	drmGetCap()	获取当前 DRM 设备所支持的能力
DRM_IOCTL_SET_CLIENT_CAP	drmSetClientCap()	告诉 DRM 驱动当前用户进程所支持的能力
DRM_IOCTL_SET_MASTER	drmSetMaster()	获取 DRM-Master 访问权限
DRM_IOCTL_DROP_MASTER	drmDropMaster()	放弃 DRM-Master 访问权限

到目前为止，凡是和 modesetting 相关的操作，我们还是操作不了。

示例 3

添加 drm mode objects：

#include <drm/drmP.h>
#include <drm/drm_encoder.h>

static struct drm_device drm;
static struct drm_plane primary;
static struct drm_crtc crtc;
static struct drm_encoder encoder;
static struct drm_connector connector;

static const struct drm_plane_funcs vkms_plane_funcs;
static const struct drm_crtc_funcs vkms_crtc_funcs;
static const struct drm_encoder_funcs vkms_encoder_funcs;
static const struct drm_connector_funcs vkms_connector_funcs;

static const u32 vkms_formats[] = {
DRM_FORMAT_XRGB8888,
};

static void vkms_modeset_init(void)
{
drm_mode_config_init(&drm);

<span class="token function">drm_universal_plane_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>primary<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_plane_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
			 vkms_formats<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">ARRAY_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>vkms_formats<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
			 <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> DRM_PLANE_TYPE_PRIMARY<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_crtc_init_with_planes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>crtc<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>primary<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_crtc_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_encoder_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>encoder<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_encoder_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> DRM_MODE_ENCODER_VIRTUAL<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_connector_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connector<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_connector_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> DRM_MODE_CONNECTOR_VIRTUAL<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

static const struct file_operations vkms_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = drm_open,
.release = drm_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = drm_ioctl,
.poll = drm_poll,
.read = drm_read,
};

static struct drm_driver vkms_driver = {
.driver_features = DRIVER_MODESET,
.fops = &vkms_fops,

<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"vkms"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>desc			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Virtual Kernel Mode Setting"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>date			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"20180514"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>major			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>minor			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

};

static int __init vkms_init(void)
{
drm_dev_init(&drm, &vkms_driver, NULL);

<span class="token function">vkms_modeset_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_dev_register</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

module_init(vkms_init);

重点：

给 driver_features 添加上 DRIVER_MODESET 标志位，告诉 DRM Core 当前驱动支持 modesetting 操作；
drm_mode_config_init() 初始化一些全局的数据结构。注意，那些 Standard Properties 就是在这里创建的。
drm_xxx_init() 则分别用于创建 plane、crtc、encoder、connector 这4个 drm_mode_object。

由于上面4个 objects 在创建时，它们的 callback funcs 没有赋初值，所以真正的 modeset 操作目前还无法正常执行，不过我们至少可以使用下面这些只读的 modeset IOCTL 了：

IOCTL	Userspace API	描述
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_GETRESOURCES	drmModeGetResources()	获取 fb、crtc、connector、encoder 资源列表，
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_GETPLANERESOURCES	drmModeGetPlaneResources()	获取 Plane 资源列表
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_GETCRTC	drmModeGetCrtc()	获取 CRTC 当前的状态信息
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_GETPLANE	drmModeGetPlane()	获取 Plane 当前的状态信息
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_GETENCODER	drmModeGetEncoder()	获取 Encoder 当前的状态信息
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_GETCONNECTOR	drmModeGetConnector()	获取 Connector 的当前状态信息
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_GETPROPBLOB	drmModeGetPropertyBlob()	获取1个 Property Blob 对象
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_CREATEPROPBLOB	drmModeCreatePropertyBlob()	创建1个 Property Blob 对象
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_DESTROYPROPBLOB	drmModeDestroyPropertyBlob()	销毁1个 Property Blob 对象

示例 4

添加 FB 和 GEM 支持：

#include <drm/drmP.h>
#include <drm/drm_encoder.h>
#include <drm/drm_fb_cma_helper.h>
#include <drm/drm_gem_cma_helper.h>

static struct drm_device drm;
static struct drm_plane primary;
static struct drm_crtc crtc;
static struct drm_encoder encoder;
static struct drm_connector connector;

/* add here */
static const struct drm_mode_config_funcs vkms_mode_funcs = {
.fb_create = drm_fb_cma_create,
};

static const u32 vkms_formats[] = {
DRM_FORMAT_XRGB8888,
};

static void vkms_modeset_init(void)
{
drm_mode_config_init(&drm);
drm.mode_config.max_width = 8192;
drm.mode_config.max_height = 8192;
/* add here */
drm.mode_config.funcs = &vkms_mode_funcs;

<span class="token function">drm_universal_plane_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>primary<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_plane_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
			 vkms_formats<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">ARRAY_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>vkms_formats<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
			 <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> DRM_PLANE_TYPE_PRIMARY<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_crtc_init_with_planes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>crtc<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>primary<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_crtc_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_encoder_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>encoder<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_encoder_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> DRM_MODE_ENCODER_VIRTUAL<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_connector_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connector<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_connector_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> DRM_MODE_CONNECTOR_VIRTUAL<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

static const struct file_operations vkms_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = drm_open,
.release = drm_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = drm_ioctl,
.poll = drm_poll,
.read = drm_read,
/* add here */
.mmap = drm_gem_cma_mmap,
};

static struct drm_driver vkms_driver = {
.driver_features = DRIVER_MODESET | DRIVER_GEM,
.fops = &vkms_fops,

<span class="token comment">/* add here */</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dumb_create	<span class="token operator">=</span> drm_gem_cma_dumb_create<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>gem_vm_ops		<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm_gem_cma_vm_ops<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>gem_free_object_unlocked <span class="token operator">=</span> drm_gem_cma_free_object<span class="token punctuation">,</span>

<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"vkms"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>desc			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Virtual Kernel Mode Setting"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>date			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"20180514"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>major			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>minor			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

};

static int __init vkms_init(void)
{
drm_dev_init(&drm, &vkms_driver, NULL);

<span class="token function">vkms_modeset_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_dev_register</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

module_init(vkms_init);

重点：

给 driver_features 添加上 DRIVER_GEM 标志位，告诉 DRM Core 该驱动支持 GEM 操作；
dumb_create 回调接口用于创建 gem object，并分配物理 buffer。这里直接使用 CMA helper 函数来实现；
fb_create 回调接口用于创建 framebuffer object，并绑定 gem objects。这里直接使用 CMA helper 函数实现。
fops 中的 mmap 接口，用于将 dumb buffer 映射到 userspace，它依赖 drm driver 中的 gem_vm_ops 实现。这里也直接使用 CMA helper 函数来实现。

现在，我们可以使用如下 IOCTL 来进行一些标准的 GEM 和 FB 操作了！

IOCTL	Userspace API	描述
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_CREATE_DUMB	dumb_bo_create()	创建一个 dumb buffer 对象
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_MAP_DUMB	dumb_bo_map()	将 dumb buffer 映射到用户空间
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_DESTROY_DUMB	dumb_bo_destroy()	销毁一个 dumb buffer 对象
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_ADDFB	drmModeAddFB()	向 DRM 驱动注册一个 framebuffer object
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_ADDFB2	drmModeAddFB2()	drmModeAddFB() 的升级版
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_GETFB	drmModeGetFB()	获取指定 ID 的 framebuffer object
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_RMFB	drmModeRmFB()	销毁指定的 framebuffer object

示例 5

实现 callback funcs，添加 Legacy Modeset 支持（代码量较大）：

#include <drm/drm_crtc_helper.h>
#include <drm/drm_plane_helper.h>
#include <drm/drm_fb_cma_helper.h>
#include <drm/drm_gem_cma_helper.h>

static struct drm_device drm;
static struct drm_plane primary;
static struct drm_crtc crtc;
static struct drm_encoder encoder;
static struct drm_connector connector;

static void vkms_crtc_dpms(struct drm_crtc *crtc, int mode)
{
}

static int vkms_crtc_mode_set(struct drm_crtc crtc,
struct drm_display_mode mode,
struct drm_display_mode adjusted_mode,
int x, int y, struct drm_framebuffer old_fb)
{
return 0;
}

static void vkms_crtc_prepare(struct drm_crtc *crtc)
{
}

static void vkms_crtc_commit(struct drm_crtc *crtc)
{
}

static int vkms_crtc_page_flip(struct drm_crtc crtc,
struct drm_framebuffer fb,
struct drm_pending_vblank_event event,
uint32_t page_flip_flags,
struct drm_modeset_acquire_ctx ctx)
{
unsigned long flags;

crtc<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>primary<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>fb <span class="token operator">=</span> fb<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>event<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
	<span class="token function">spin_lock_irqsave</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>crtc<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>dev<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>event_lock<span class="token punctuation">,</span> flags<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">drm_crtc_send_vblank_event</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>crtc<span class="token punctuation">,</span> event<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">spin_unlock_irqrestore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>crtc<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>dev<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>event_lock<span class="token punctuation">,</span> flags<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

static const struct drm_crtc_helper_funcs vkms_crtc_helper_funcs = {
.dpms = vkms_crtc_dpms,
.mode_set = vkms_crtc_mode_set,
.prepare = vkms_crtc_prepare,
.commit = vkms_crtc_commit,
};

static const struct drm_crtc_funcs vkms_crtc_funcs = {
.set_config = drm_crtc_helper_set_config,
.page_flip = vkms_crtc_page_flip,
.destroy = drm_crtc_cleanup,
};

static const struct drm_plane_funcs vkms_plane_funcs = {
.update_plane = drm_primary_helper_update,
.disable_plane = drm_primary_helper_disable,
.destroy = drm_plane_cleanup,
};

static int vkms_connector_get_modes(struct drm_connector *connector)
{
int count;

count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">drm_add_modes_noedid</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connector<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8192</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8192</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">drm_set_preferred_mode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connector<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">768</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">return</span> count<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

static struct drm_encoder vkms_connector_best_encoder(struct drm_connector connector)
{
return &encoder;
}

static const struct drm_connector_helper_funcs vkms_conn_helper_funcs = {
.get_modes = vkms_connector_get_modes,
.best_encoder = vkms_connector_best_encoder,
};

static const struct drm_connector_funcs vkms_connector_funcs = {
.dpms = drm_helper_connector_dpms,
.fill_modes = drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes,
.destroy = drm_connector_cleanup,
};

static const struct drm_encoder_funcs vkms_encoder_funcs = {
.destroy = drm_encoder_cleanup,
};

static const struct drm_mode_config_funcs vkms_mode_funcs = {
.fb_create = drm_fb_cma_create,
};

static const u32 vkms_formats[] = {
DRM_FORMAT_XRGB8888,
};

static void vkms_modeset_init(void)
{
drm_mode_config_init(&drm);
drm.mode_config.max_width = 8192;
drm.mode_config.max_height = 8192;
drm.mode_config.funcs = &vkms_mode_funcs;

<span class="token function">drm_universal_plane_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>primary<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_plane_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
			 		vkms_formats<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">ARRAY_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>vkms_formats<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
			 		<span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> DRM_PLANE_TYPE_PRIMARY<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_crtc_init_with_planes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>crtc<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>primary<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_crtc_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">drm_crtc_helper_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>crtc<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_crtc_helper_funcs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_encoder_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>encoder<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_encoder_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> DRM_MODE_ENCODER_VIRTUAL<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_connector_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connector<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_connector_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> DRM_MODE_CONNECTOR_VIRTUAL<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">drm_connector_helper_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connector<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_conn_helper_funcs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">drm_mode_connector_attach_encoder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connector<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>encoder<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

static struct drm_driver vkms_driver = {
.driver_features = DRIVER_MODESET | DRIVER_GEM,
.fops = &vkms_fops,

<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dumb_create	<span class="token operator">=</span> drm_gem_cma_dumb_create<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>gem_vm_ops		<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm_gem_cma_vm_ops<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>gem_free_object_unlocked <span class="token operator">=</span> drm_gem_cma_free_object<span class="token punctuation">,</span>

<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"vkms"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>desc			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Virtual Kernel Mode Setting"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>date			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"20180514"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>major			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>minor			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

};

static int __init vkms_init(void)
{
drm_dev_init(&drm, &vkms_driver, NULL);

<span class="token function">vkms_modeset_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_dev_register</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

module_init(vkms_init);

重点：

xxx_funcs 必须有，xxx_helper_funcs 可以没有。
drm_xxx_init() 必须有，drm_xxx_helper_add() 可以没有。
只有当 xxx_funcs 采用 DRM 标准的 helper 函数实现时，才有可能 需要定义 xxx_helper_funcs 接口。
drmModeSetCrtc() ===> crtc_funcs.set_config()
drmModePageFlip() ===> crtc_funcs.page_flip()
drmModeSetPlane() ===> plane_funcs.update_plane()
drmModeGetConnector() ===> connector_funcs.fill_modes()
xxx_funcs.destroy() 接口必须实现。

提示：本示例中的 funcs 和 helper funcs 接口无法再精简，否则运行时将出现 kernel crash！

helper 函数的作用：
drm_xxx_funcs 是 drm ioctl 操作的最终入口，但是对于大多数 SoC 厂商来说，它们的 drm_xxx_funcs 操作流程基本相同（你抄我，我抄你），只是在寄存器配置上存在差异，因此开发者们将那些 common 的操作流程做成了 helper 函数，而将那些厂商差异化的代码放到了 drm_xxx_helper_funcs 中去，由 SoC 厂商自己实现。

有了各种 funcs 和 helper funcs，我们现在终于可以执行真正的 modeset 操作了，不过目前只支持 legacy modeset，赶紧使用《最简单的DRM应用程序（single-buffer）》来验证一下吧！

当前支持的 modeset IOCTL:

IOCTL	Userspace API	描述
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_SETCRTC	drmModeSetCrtc()	初始化整个硬件 pipeline 并显示图像
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_SETPLANE	drmModeSetPlane()	设置单个 Plane 的显示参数
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_PAGE_FLIP	drmModePageFlip()	基于 VSYNC 同步机制的显示刷新
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_GETPROPERTY	drmModeGetProperty()	根据 Property ID 获取对应 Property 的值
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_SETPROPERTY	drmModeConnectorSetProperty()	根据 Property ID 设置对应 Property 的值，目前仅用于 Connector 对象

示例 6

将上面的 Legacy code 转换为 Atomic 版本：

#include <drm/drm_atomic_helper.h>
#include <drm/drm_crtc_helper.h>
#include <drm/drm_fb_cma_helper.h>
#include <drm/drm_gem_cma_helper.h>
#include <linux/hrtimer.h>

static struct drm_device drm;
static struct drm_plane primary;
static struct drm_crtc crtc;
static struct drm_encoder encoder;
static struct drm_connector connector;
static struct hrtimer vblank_hrtimer;

static enum hrtimer_restart vkms_vblank_simulate(struct hrtimer *timer)
{
drm_crtc_handle_vblank(&crtc);

<span class="token function">hrtimer_forward_now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vblank_hrtimer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16666667</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">return</span> HRTIMER_RESTART<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

static void vkms_crtc_atomic_enable(struct drm_crtc crtc,
struct drm_crtc_state old_state)
{
hrtimer_init(&vblank_hrtimer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
vblank_hrtimer.function = &vkms_vblank_simulate;
hrtimer_start(&vblank_hrtimer, 16666667, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
}

static void vkms_crtc_atomic_disable(struct drm_crtc crtc,
struct drm_crtc_state old_state)
{
hrtimer_cancel(&vblank_hrtimer);
}

static void vkms_crtc_atomic_flush(struct drm_crtc crtc,
struct drm_crtc_state old_crtc_state)
{
unsigned long flags;

<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>crtc<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>state<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>event<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
	<span class="token function">spin_lock_irqsave</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>crtc<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>dev<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>event_lock<span class="token punctuation">,</span> flags<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">drm_crtc_send_vblank_event</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>crtc<span class="token punctuation">,</span> crtc<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>state<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>event<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">spin_unlock_irqrestore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>crtc<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>dev<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>event_lock<span class="token punctuation">,</span> flags<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	crtc<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>state<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>event <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

static const struct drm_crtc_helper_funcs vkms_crtc_helper_funcs = {
.atomic_enable = vkms_crtc_atomic_enable,
.atomic_disable = vkms_crtc_atomic_disable,
.atomic_flush = vkms_crtc_atomic_flush,
};

static const struct drm_crtc_funcs vkms_crtc_funcs = {
.set_config = drm_atomic_helper_set_config,
.page_flip = drm_atomic_helper_page_flip,
.destroy = drm_crtc_cleanup,
.reset = drm_atomic_helper_crtc_reset,
.atomic_duplicate_state = drm_atomic_helper_crtc_duplicate_state,
.atomic_destroy_state = drm_atomic_helper_crtc_destroy_state,
};

static void vkms_plane_atomic_update(struct drm_plane plane,
struct drm_plane_state old_state)
{
}

static const struct drm_plane_helper_funcs vkms_plane_helper_funcs = {
.atomic_update = vkms_plane_atomic_update,
};

static const struct drm_plane_funcs vkms_plane_funcs = {
.update_plane = drm_atomic_helper_update_plane,
.disable_plane = drm_atomic_helper_disable_plane,
.destroy = drm_plane_cleanup,
.reset = drm_atomic_helper_plane_reset,
.atomic_duplicate_state = drm_atomic_helper_plane_duplicate_state,
.atomic_destroy_state = drm_atomic_helper_plane_destroy_state,
};

static int vkms_conn_get_modes(struct drm_connector *connector)
{
int count;

count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">drm_add_modes_noedid</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connector<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8192</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8192</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">drm_set_preferred_mode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>connector<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">768</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">return</span> count<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

static const struct drm_connector_helper_funcs vkms_conn_helper_funcs = {
.get_modes = vkms_conn_get_modes,
};

static const struct drm_connector_funcs vkms_connector_funcs = {
.fill_modes = drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes,
.destroy = drm_connector_cleanup,
.reset = drm_atomic_helper_connector_reset,
.atomic_duplicate_state = drm_atomic_helper_connector_duplicate_state,
.atomic_destroy_state = drm_atomic_helper_connector_destroy_state,
};

static const struct drm_encoder_funcs vkms_encoder_funcs = {
.destroy = drm_encoder_cleanup,
};

static const struct drm_mode_config_funcs vkms_mode_funcs = {
.fb_create = drm_fb_cma_create,
.atomic_check = drm_atomic_helper_check,
.atomic_commit = drm_atomic_helper_commit,
};

static const u32 vkms_formats[] = {
DRM_FORMAT_XRGB8888,
};

static void vkms_modeset_init(void)
{
drm_mode_config_init(&drm);
drm.mode_config.max_width = 8192;
drm.mode_config.max_height = 8192;
drm.mode_config.funcs = &vkms_mode_funcs;

<span class="token function">drm_universal_plane_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>primary<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_plane_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
			 vkms_formats<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">ARRAY_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>vkms_formats<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
			 <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> DRM_PLANE_TYPE_PRIMARY<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">drm_plane_helper_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>primary<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_plane_helper_funcs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_crtc_init_with_planes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>crtc<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>primary<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_crtc_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">drm_crtc_helper_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>crtc<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_crtc_helper_funcs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_encoder_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>encoder<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_encoder_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> DRM_MODE_ENCODER_VIRTUAL<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_connector_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connector<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_connector_funcs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> DRM_MODE_CONNECTOR_VIRTUAL<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">drm_connector_helper_add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connector<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>vkms_conn_helper_funcs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">drm_mode_connector_attach_encoder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>connector<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>encoder<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_mode_config_reset</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

static struct drm_driver vkms_driver = {
.driver_features = DRIVER_MODESET | DRIVER_GEM | DRIVER_ATOMIC,
.fops = &vkms_fops,

<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dumb_create	<span class="token operator">=</span> drm_gem_cma_dumb_create<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>gem_vm_ops		<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm_gem_cma_vm_ops<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>gem_free_object_unlocked <span class="token operator">=</span> drm_gem_cma_free_object<span class="token punctuation">,</span>

<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"vkms"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>desc			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Virtual Kernel Mode Setting"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>date			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"20180514"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>major			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>minor			<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

};

static int __init vkms_init(void)
{
drm_dev_init(&drm, &vkms_driver, NULL);

<span class="token function">vkms_modeset_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_vblank_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

drm<span class="token punctuation">.</span>irq_enabled <span class="token operator">=</span> true<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">drm_dev_register</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>drm<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

module_init(vkms_init);

重点：

给 driver_features 添加上 DRIVER_ATOMIC 标志位，告诉 DRM Core 该驱动支持 Atomic 操作。
drm_mode_config_funcs.atomic_commit() 接口是 atomic 操作的主要入口函数，必须实现。这里直接使用 drm_atomic_helper_commit() 函数实现。
Atomic 操作依赖 VSYNC 中断（即 VBLANK 事件），因此需要使用 hrtimer 来提供软件中断信号。在驱动初始化时调用 drm_vblank_init()，在 VSYNC 中断处理函数中调用 drm_handle_vblank()。
在 plane/crtc/encoder/connector objects 初始化完成之后，一定要调用 drm_mode_config_reset() 来动态创建各个 pipeline 的软件状态（即 drm_xxx_state）。
与 Legacy 相比，Atomic 的 xxx_funcs 必须实现如下接口：
reset()
atomic_duplicate_state()
atomic_destroy_state()，
它们主要用于维护 drm_xxx_state 数据结构，不能省略！
drm_plane_helper_funcs.atomic_update() 必须实现！

终于，我们可以使用 drmModeAtomicCommit() 了，赶紧使用前面的《DRM应用程序进阶（atomic-plane）》示例程序测试一下吧！

IOCTL	Userspace API	描述
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_ATOMIC	drmModeAtomicCommit()	不解释
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_OBJ_GETPROPERTIES	drmModeObjectGetProperties()	根据 drm mode object 的 ID，获取该 object 所拥有的所有 Property 对象
DRM_IOCTL_MODE_OBJ_SETPROPERTY	drmModeObjectSetProperty()	根据 drm mode object 的 ID，设置该 object 某个具体的 Property 对象的值

到这里，一个 “最简单” 的 Atomic 驱动程序也就完成了，虽然最终看起来并不那么简单。。。

总结

要实现一个 DRM KMS 驱动，通常需要实现如下代码：

fops、drm_driver
dumb_create、fb_create、atomic_commit
drm_xxx_funcs、drm_xxx_helper_funcs
drm_xxx_init()、drm_xxx_helper_add()
drm_dev_init()、drm_dev_register()

但这都只是表象，核心仍然是上一篇《DRM 驱动程序开发（开篇）》中介绍的7个 objects，一切都围绕着这几个 objects 展开：

为了创建 crtc/plane/encoder/connector objects，需要调用 drm_xxx_init()。
为了创建 framebuffer object，需要实现 fb_create() callback。
为了创建 gem object，需要实现 dumb_create() callback。
为了创建 property objects，需要调用 drm_mode_config_init()。
为了让这些 objects 动起来，需要实现各种 funcs 和 helper funcs。
为了支持 atomic 操作，需要实现 atomic_commit() callback。

在这里插入图片描述

结语

DRM Driver 是内核中一个较为复杂的子系统，在内核社区的更新也十分活跃，但因其涉及到的知识点较多，教程写起来难度也比较大，我想这也是为什么国内熟悉 DRM 驱动的人不在少数，却很少有人能输出 系统性 的 DRM 学习文档，毕竟要写好真的很难，而且大牛们真的都很忙。

希望我的文章，能为那些还在 DRM 学习路上的小伙伴们提供帮助，解答他们心中的疑惑。下一篇，我将介绍 DRM GEM 相关的知识，敬请期待！

最后，送上 VKMS 社区简化版（相比本文的示例，更接近于 kernel 4.19 版本）：vkms_drv.c

源码下载

我的码云：vkms

参考资料

kernel doc: drm/vkms Virtual Kernel Modesetting
drm/vkms: Introduce basic VKMS driver

文章汇总： DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) 学习简介

蜀远Linux

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DRM 驱动程序开发（VKMS）

前言距离上一篇《DRM 驱动程序开发（开篇）》已经过去快整整1年了，如果再不更新的话，这个 DRM 系列教程很可能就夭折了。之所以现在才写本文，主要有两个原因：1. 本人工作内容发生变动。2. 始终没找到合适的硬件平台来做示例讲解。其中第2点是我一直拖延的主要原因，因为作为示例教...
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