socket api 介绍

#define    __SOCKADDR_COMMON(sa_prefix) \
  sa_family_t sa_prefix##family

#define __SOCKADDR_COMMON_SIZE    (sizeof (unsigned short int))

/* Structure describing an Internet socket address.  */
struct sockaddr_in
  {
    __SOCKADDR_COMMON (sin_);
    in_port_t sin_port;            /* Port number.  */
    struct in_addr sin_addr;        /* Internet address.  */

    /* Pad to size of `struct sockaddr'.  */
    unsigned char sin_zero[sizeof (struct sockaddr) -
               __SOCKADDR_COMMON_SIZE -
               sizeof (in_port_t) -
               sizeof (struct in_addr)];
  };

socket函数
包含头文件<sys/socket.h>
功能：创建一个套接字用于通信
原型
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
参数
domain ：指定通信协议族（protocol family）
type：指定socket类型，流式套接字SOCK_STREAM，数据报套接字SOCK_DGRAM，原始套接字SOCK_RAW
protocol ：协议类型
返回值：成功返回非负整数， 它与文件描述符类似，我们把它称为套接口描述字，简称套接字。失败返回-1

bind函数
包含头文件<sys/socket.h>
功能：绑定一个本地地址到套接字
原型
int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
参数
sockfd：socket函数返回的套接字
addr：要绑定的地址
addrlen：地址长度
返回值：成功返回0，失败返回-1

listen函数
一般来说，listen函数应该在调用socket和bind函数之后，调用函数accept之前调用。
对于给定的监听套接口，内核要维护两个队列：
1、已由客户发出并到达服务器，服务器正在等待完成相应的TCP三路握手过程
2、已完成连接的队列

accept函数
包含头文件<sys/socket.h>
功能：从已完成连接队列返回第一个连接，如果已完成连接队列为空，则阻塞。
原型
int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
参数
sockfd：服务器套接字
addr：将返回对等方的套接字地址
addrlen：返回对等方的套接字地址长度
返回值：成功返回非负整数，失败返回-1

connect函数
包含头文件<sys/socket.h>
功能：建立一个连接至addr所指定的套接字
原型
int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
参数
sockfd：未连接套接字
addr：要连接的套接字地址
addrlen：第二个参数addr长度
返回值：成功返回0，失败返回-1

client.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(void)
{
    int sockfd = 0;
    sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

    struct sockaddr_in srvaddr;
    srvaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    srvaddr.sin_port = htons(8001);
    srvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //127.0.0.1
    //srvaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(INADDR_ANY); //绑定本机的任意一个地址

    if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*) (&srvaddr), sizeof(srvaddr)) < 0) {
        perror("fun socket\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    printf("connect success\n");
    printf("socketfd = %d\n",sockfd);
    return 0;
}

server.c

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h> /* superset of previous */
#include <arpa/inet.h>

int main()
{

	//int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
	int socketfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	printf("socketfd = %d\n", socketfd);
	if (socketfd == -1) {
		perror("creat socket error");
		return -1;
	}

	// man 7 ip
	/*
	 struct sockaddr_in {
	 sa_family_t    sin_family; // address family: AF_INET
	 in_port_t      sin_port;   //port in network byte order
	 struct in_addr sin_addr;   //internet address
	 };

	 // Internet address.
	 typedef uint32_t in_addr_t;

	 struct in_addr {
	 in_addr_t s_addr;
	 };

	 */
	struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
	server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server_addr.sin_port = htons(8001);
	//The inet_addr() function converts the Internet host address cp from IPv4 numbers-and-dots
	//notation into binary data in network byte order.
	server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; //127.0.0.1
	//int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t addrlen);
	if (bind(socketfd, (const struct sockaddr *) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) == -1) {
		//error : can not assign request address
		perror("bind socket error");
		return -1;
	}
	//int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
	//this limit was a hard coded value, SOMAXCONN, with the value 128.
	if (listen(socketfd, SOMAXCONN) == -1) {
		perror("listen error");
		return -1;
	}
	//The argument addr is a pointer to a sockaddr structure.
	//This structure is filled in with the address of the peer socket, as known to the communications layer.
	//On success, these system calls return a nonnegative integer that is a descriptor for the accepted socket.
	//int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
	struct sockaddr_in peer_addr;
	socklen_t len;

	int peer_fd;
	if ((peer_fd = accept(socketfd, (struct sockaddr *) &peer_addr, &len)) == -1) {
		perror("accept error");
		return -1;
	}
	//char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in);
	printf("peer id address = %s,port=%d\n", inet_ntoa(peer_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(peer_addr.sin_port));

	return 0;
}