利用Python PIL、cPickle将图片读取和保存为pkl格式文件

将表情图片生成pkl格式的文件，代码如下。

import cPickle    
import os    
import json  
import pylab
import numpy  
from PIL import Image

i = 0;

// r'data\Expression 1 文件一共含有165张，每张大小40*40.
// olivettifaces 则保存的就是这165张图片的信息。
// olivettifaces_label 中包含的是165张图片的标签信息

olivettifaces=numpy.empty((165,1600))
olivettifaces_label=numpy.empty(165)

//  下面这函数是列出文件夹中所有的文件，到filename中
for filename in os.listdir(r'data\Expression 1\Anger (AN)'):
    print filename
    if(filename!='Thumbs.db'):   
        basedir = 'data\Expression 1\Anger (AN)/'
        imgage = Image.open(basedir + filename)

        img_ndarray = numpy.asarray(imgage, dtype='float64')/256
        olivettifaces[i]=numpy.ndarray.flatten(img_ndarray)
        // 标签要从0开始，不然在cnn训练时会有错误
        olivettifaces_label[i]=0
        i = i + 1



for filename in os.listdir(r'data\Expression 1\Disgust (DI)'):
    print filename
    if(filename!='Thumbs.db'):   
        basedir = 'data\Expression 1\Disgust (DI)/'
        imgage = Image.open(basedir + filename)

        img_ndarray = numpy.asarray(imgage, dtype='float64')/256
        olivettifaces[i]=numpy.ndarray.flatten(img_ndarray)  

        olivettifaces_label[i]=1     
        i = i + 1


for filename in os.listdir(r'data\Expression 1\Fear (FE)'):
    print filename
    if(filename!='Thumbs.db'):   
        basedir = 'data\Expression 1\Fear (FE)/'
        imgage = Image.open(basedir + filename)

        img_ndarray = numpy.asarray(imgage, dtype='float64')/256
        olivettifaces[i]=numpy.ndarray.flatten(img_ndarray)

        olivettifaces_label[i]=2
        i = i + 1



for filename in os.listdir(r'data\Expression 1\Happiness (HA)'):
    print filename
    if(filename!='Thumbs.db'):   
        basedir = 'data\Expression 1\Happiness (HA)/'
        imgage = Image.open(basedir + filename)

        img_ndarray = numpy.asarray(imgage, dtype='float64')/256
        olivettifaces[i]=numpy.ndarray.flatten(img_ndarray)

        olivettifaces_label[i]=3  
        i = i + 1



for filename in os.listdir(r'data\Expression 1\Sadness (SA)'):
    print filename
    if(filename!='Thumbs.db'):   
        basedir = 'data\Expression 1\Sadness (SA)/'
        imgage = Image.open(basedir + filename)

        img_ndarray = numpy.asarray(imgage, dtype='float64')/256
        olivettifaces[i]=numpy.ndarray.flatten(img_ndarray)

        olivettifaces_label[i]=4  
        i = i + 1



for filename in os.listdir(r'data\Expression 1\Surprise (SU)'):
    print filename
    if(filename!='Thumbs.db'):   
        basedir = 'data\Expression 1\Surprise (SU)/'
        imgage = Image.open(basedir + filename)

        img_ndarray = numpy.asarray(imgage, dtype='float64')/256
        olivettifaces[i]=numpy.ndarray.flatten(img_ndarray)

        olivettifaces_label[i]=5    
        i = i + 1

olivettifaces_label=olivettifaces_label.astype(numpy.int)   
 // 下面是生成pkl格式的文件，保存数据。 
write_file=open('olivettifaces.pkl','wb')
cPickle.dump(olivettifaces,write_file,-1)  
cPickle.dump(olivettifaces_label,write_file,-1)
write_file.close()

// 从pkl文件中读取数据显示图像和标签。
read_file=open('olivettifaces.pkl','rb')  
faces=cPickle.load(read_file)
label=cPickle.load(read_file)
read_file.close() 
img0=faces[100].reshape(40,40)
pylab.imshow(img0)
pylab.gray()
pylab.show()
print label[0:165]

运行结果如下：
KA.AN1.39.bmp
KL.AN2.168.bmp
MK.SA2.120.bmp

。。。。。。
。。。。。。

UY.SU3.145.bmp
YM.SU1.58.bmp
YM.SU2.59.bmp
YM.SU3.60.bmp

[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5]
用过mnist.pkl手写体库的可能知道，用cPickle.load(read_file)的读取时，返回三个参数（训练集、验证集、测试集）。同时三个参数中包含两个值：样本和标签。

如：read_file=open(dataset,'rb')  
    train_set,valid_set,test_set=cPickle.load(read_file)
    read_file.close() 
    train, label1 = train_set
    valid, label2 = valid_set
    test, label3 = test_set

想要生成这样格式的数据也不难，只要把上面代码改动一下即可。

write_file=open('olivettifaces.pkl','wb')
cPickle.dump([[olivettifaces[0:100],olivettifaces_label[0:100]],
             [olivettifaces[101:130],olivettifaces_label[101:130]],
             [olivettifaces[131:164],olivettifaces_label[131:164]]],
             write_file,-1)  
write_file.close()

read_file=open('olivettifaces.pkl','rb')  
train_set,valid_set,test_set=cPickle.load(read_file)
read_file.close() 
train,label = train_set
img0=train[4].reshape(28,28)
pylab.imshow(img0)
pylab.gray()
pylab.show()
print label[0:100]   

并且这样改动完生成的.pkl文件，可以在CNN手写体识别的python代码上跑起来（注意LogisticRegression的参数n_out应该改成6，训练样本中只包含6中表情），当然前提是你的数据库要大，我这里只是写了方法，数据量是肯定不够的，当数据量足够时，你会发现惊人的效果。
这是python代码，训练8次的结果：

... loading data
... building the model
... training
...epoch is 1 writefile
writefile is data/theanocnn.json
training @ iter =  0
epoch 1, minibatch 20/20, validation error 45.640000 %
     epoch 1, minibatch 20/20, test error of best model 46.366667 %
...epoch is 2 writefile
writefile is data/theanocnn.json
epoch 2, minibatch 20/20, validation error 14.280000 %
     epoch 2, minibatch 20/20, test error of best model 14.433333 %
...epoch is 3 writefile
writefile is data/theanocnn.json
epoch 3, minibatch 20/20, validation error 7.640000 %
     epoch 3, minibatch 20/20, test error of best model 7.733333 %
...epoch is 4 writefile
writefile is data/theanocnn.json
epoch 4, minibatch 20/20, validation error 13.120000 %
...epoch is 5 writefile
writefile is data/theanocnn.json
epoch 5, minibatch 20/20, validation error 2.760000 %
     epoch 5, minibatch 20/20, test error of best model 2.733333 %
...epoch is 6 writefile
writefile is data/theanocnn.json
training @ iter =  100
epoch 6, minibatch 20/20, validation error 1.640000 %
     epoch 6, minibatch 20/20, test error of best model 1.666667 %
...epoch is 7 writefile
writefile is data/theanocnn.json
epoch 7, minibatch 20/20, validation error 1.160000 %
     epoch 7, minibatch 20/20, test error of best model 1.066667 %
...epoch is 8 writefile
writefile is data/theanocnn.json
epoch 8, minibatch 20/20, validation error 1.160000 %
Optimization complete.
Best validation score of 1.160000 % obtained at iteration 140,with test performance 1.066667 %
readfile is data/theanocnn.json
validation error 1.160000 %
The code for file cnn.py ran for 4.01m

这是C++，在测试集上跑的结果：

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