组合模式(Composite Pattern)是能够使容器与内容具有一致性,创造出递归结构的模式。
Entry.java
package com.test.dp.Composite.Sample;
//抽象类,表示“目录条目”,用来实现File和Directory的一致性
public abstract class Entry {
public abstract String getName(); // 获取名字
public abstract int getSize(); // 获取大小
public Entry add(Entry entry) throws FileTreatmentException { // 加入目录条目
throw new FileTreatmentException();
}
public void printList() { // 为一览加上前缀并显示目录条目一览
printList("");
}
protected abstract void printList(String prefix); // 为一览加上前缀
public String toString() { // 显示代表类的文字
return getName() + " (" + getSize() + ")";
}
}
File.java
package com.test.dp.Composite.Sample;
//文件类,代表“内容”
public class File extends Entry {
private String name;
private int size;
public File(String name, int size) {
this.name = name;
this.size = size;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getSize() {
return size;
}
protected void printList(String prefix) {
System.out.println(prefix + "/" + this);
}
}
Directory.java
package com.test.dp.Composite.Sample;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.ArrayList;
//文件夹类,代表“目录”
public class Directory extends Entry {
private String name; // 文件夹的名字
private ArrayList directory = new ArrayList(); // 文件夹中目录条目的集合
public Directory(String name) { // 构造函数
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() { // 获取名字
return name;
}
public int getSize() { // 获取大小
int size = 0;
Iterator it = directory.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Entry entry = (Entry)it.next();
size += entry.getSize();
}
return size;
}
public Entry add(Entry entry) { // 增加目录条目
directory.add(entry);
return this;
}
protected void printList(String prefix) { // 显示目录条目一览
System.out.println(prefix + "/" + this);
Iterator it = directory.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Entry entry = (Entry)it.next();
entry.printList(prefix + "/" + name);
}
}
}
FileTreatmentException.java
package com.test.dp.Composite.Sample;
//表示向文件中增加Entry时发生异常的类
public class FileTreatmentException extends RuntimeException {
public FileTreatmentException() {
}
public FileTreatmentException(String msg) {
super(msg);
}
}
Main.java
package com.test.dp.Composite.Sample;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
System.out.println("Making root entries...");
Directory rootdir = new Directory("root");
Directory bindir = new Directory("bin");
Directory tmpdir = new Directory("tmp");
Directory usrdir = new Directory("usr");
rootdir.add(bindir);
rootdir.add(tmpdir);
rootdir.add(usrdir);
bindir.add(new File("vi", 10000));
bindir.add(new File("latex", 20000));
rootdir.printList();
System.out.println("");
System.out.println("Making user entries...");
Directory yuki = new Directory("yuki");
Directory hanako = new Directory("hanako");
Directory tomura = new Directory("tomura");
usrdir.add(yuki);
usrdir.add(hanako);
usrdir.add(tomura);
yuki.add(new File("diary.html", 100));
yuki.add(new File("Composite.java", 200));
hanako.add(new File("memo.tex", 300));
tomura.add(new File("game.doc", 400));
tomura.add(new File("junk.mail", 500));
rootdir.printList();
} catch (FileTreatmentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
执行结果:
Making root entries...
/root (30000)
/root/bin (30000)
/root/bin/vi (10000)
/root/bin/latex (20000)
/root/tmp (0)
/root/usr (0)
Making user entries...
/root (31500)
/root/bin (30000)
/root/bin/vi (10000)
/root/bin/latex (20000)
/root/tmp (0)
/root/usr (1500)
/root/usr/yuki (300)
/root/usr/yuki/diary.html (100)
/root/usr/yuki/Composite.java (200)
/root/usr/hanako (300)
/root/usr/hanako/memo.tex (300)
/root/usr/tomura (900)
/root/usr/tomura/game.doc (400)
/root/usr/tomura/junk.mail (500)
总结:
优点:1、高层模块调用简单。2、节点自由增加。
缺点:在使用组合模式时,其叶子和树枝的声明都是实现类,而不是接口,违反了依赖倒置原则。
使用场景:部分、整体场景,如树形菜单,文件、文件夹的管理。
注意事项:定义时为具体类。