Software Defined Storage For Dummies（Chap1）

Software Defined Storage For Dummies（Chap1）

chap1：Storage 101

生词、短语

生词/短语	读音	释义
accelerating	[æk'seləreitiŋ]	adj. 促进的，[物] 加速的；催化的
staggering	['stæɡərɪŋ]	adj. 惊人的，令人震惊的
scalable	['skeɪləb(ə)l]	adj. 可扩展的，可伸缩的
jargon	['skeɪləb(ə)l]	n. 行话，术语；黄锆石
stuff of legend		传奇故事
deluge	['deljuːdʒ]	n. 洪水；泛滥；暴雨vt. 使泛滥；压倒
nuts and bolts		具体细节，基本要素
at a stunning pace		以惊人的速度
migration	[maɪ'greɪʃ(ə)n]	n. 迁移；移民；移动
backup	['bækʌp]	n. 支持；后援；阻塞 adj. 支持的；候补的 vt. 做备份
archive	['ɑ:kaiv]	n. 档案馆；档案文件 vt. 把…存档
stop-gap		备份，权宜之计
filer-sprawl	[sprɔːl]	文件蔓延
vendor	['vendə; 'vendɔː]	n. 卖主；小贩；供应商；[贸易] 自动售货机
DRAM	[dræm]	abbr. 动态随机存取存储器（Dynamic Random Access Memory）
productivity	[prɒdʌk'tɪvɪtɪ]	n. 生产力；生产率；生产能力
physical slot	[slɒt]	n. 物理插槽
OLTP		online transaction processing，abbr. 联机事务处理
IOPS		I/O Operations Per Second，abbr.每秒输入输出操作
off-site replication		异地复制
dedicated	['dedɪkeɪtɪd]	adj. 专用的；专注的；献身的
premium	['priːmɪəm]	n. 额外费用；奖金；保险费;(商)溢价 adj. 高价的；优质的
leverage	['liːv(ə)rɪdʒ; 'lev(ə)rɪdʒ]	n. 手段，影响力；杠杆作用；杠杆效率 v. 利用；举债经营

stuff of legend 传奇故事

基本知识点

• 对SDS的简要介绍

Software defined storage uses standard compute, network, and storage hardware; the storage functions are all done in software, such as IBM GPFS, that provides automated, policy driven, application aware storage services, through orchestration of the underlining storage infrastructure in support of an overall software defined environment.

软件定义的存储使用标准的计算、网络和存储硬件；存储功能都是在软件中完成的，例如IBM的GPFS，它支持自动化的、策略驱动的、应用程序感知的存储服务，通过存储基础架构下的编排来实现对整个软件定义环境的支持。

• 对GPFS的简要介绍

IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS) provides online storage management, scalable access, and integrated information lifecycle management tools that are capable of managing petabytes of data and billions of files. This high performance, shared-disk file management solution offers fast, reliable access to a common set of file-based data.

IBM通用并行文件系统（GPFS）提供在线存储管理、可扩展访问和集成信息生命周期管理工具，这些工具能够管理PB级数据和数十亿文件。这种高性能、共享的磁盘文件管理解决方案可以快速、可靠地访问一组通用的基于文件的数据。

• NAS

NAS：Network Attached Storage，网络附属存储器
NAS简单说就是连接在网络上，具备资料存储功能的装置，因此也称为“网络存储器”。它是一种专用数据存储服务器。
它以数据为中心，将存储设备与服务器彻底分离，集中管理数据，从而释放带宽、提高性能、降低总拥有成本、保护投资。

• 结构化与非结构化数据

Structured data refers to data that’s organized, for example, in a database.
Unstructured data refers to data that doesn’t have a defined model or framework,
for example, multimedia files.

• 数据存储面临的挑战

① Rising administrative costs to manage file-based data
② Data accessibility that’s limited in remote locations
③ Continuous data availability and protection that becomes increasingly difficult to maintain
④ Backup and archival operations that can’t keep pace with growing data

Remember： Data access and management is critical to an efficient computing infrastructure. An efficient infrastructure must be balanced properly between three key components: compute, network, and data. The network and the data are normally the most difficult challenges for enterprise IT departments.

• enterprise storage performs three important functions

① Store data (intermediate and final)
② Protect data from being lost
③ Feed data to the computer’s processors (so they can keep doing work)

Warning： getting data from the storage to the processor has become a performance bottleneck.
CPU、DRAM、Network、Bus：speed increased 8-10，7-9，100 times；Hard disk drive (HDD) speed performance has increased only 1.2 times.

One result of this storage bottleneck is that your applications may be running slow, which negatively impacts productivity and wastes the capacity of other expensive infrastructure in your datacenter.

• Types of Storage
  | types of storage | including| application|
  | :-------- | --------? :–: |
  | Block storage| Fibre Channel (or FCP),光纤通道
  SCSI and iSCSI,小型计算机系统接口,互联网小型计算机接口
  SAS,串行连接SCSI接口
  ATA and SATA,硬盘接口技术,串行高级技术附件| 前三种：used in outside of the computer，SAN
  后两种：used in DAS |
  | File storage| SMB or CIFS： commonly used in Windows-based networks.
  NFS : common in Unix- and Linux-based networks
  HTTP: the protocol used when using a web browser.| common in datacenters today |
  |Object storage|A container stores the actual data,
  the metadata and a unique Object ID|① use containers to store data known as objects
  in a flat address space instead of the hierarchical,
  directory-based file systems that are common
  in block and file-based storage systems
  ② used for cloud services by providers
  such as IBM SoftLayer, Amazon S3,
  Google and Facebook|

缩写	全写	释义	definition
FCP	Fibre Channel Protocol	光纤通道协议
SCSI	Small Computer System Interface	小型计算机系统接口
iSCSI	Internet Protocol SCSI	互联网小型计算机接口
SAS	Serial Attached SCSI	串行连接SCSI接口
ATA	Advanced Technology Attachment	硬盘接口技术
SATA	Serial ATA	串行高级技术附件
SMB	Server Message Block	服务器消息块
CIFS	Common Internet File System	通用互联网文件系统
NFS	Network File System	网络文件系统
HTTP	Hypertext Transfer Protocol	超文本传输协议
SAN	storage area network	存储区域网	connected to a server or servers through a dedicated storage network
DAS	direct-attached storage	直连式存储	attached to the computer or server via a bus interface

• LUN (Logical Unit Number)，逻辑单元号

A LUN (Logical Unit Number) is an identifier assigned to a collection of disks within the storage system, defined in a storage controller and partitioned so that host servers can access them. A computer can then use these LUNS to store data. For example, you can create a file system on a LUN as a place to store files. A volume is part of a LUN created within volume management software.

LUN（逻辑单元号）是分配给存储系统中的一组磁盘的标识符，在存储控制器中定义并分区，以便主机服务器可以访问它们。 然后计算机可以使用这些LUNS来存储数据。例如，您可以在LUN上创建文件系统作为存储文件的位置。卷是卷管理软件中创建的LUN的一部分。

• hard drives
  |分类 | 特点 | 应用 |
  | :-------- | --------? --: |
  | SATA | highest capacity and lowest cost per gigabyte，
  slower and less reliable than other drive technologies | used in desktop and laptop computers |
  | SAS | a tradeoff between performanceand capacity,
  more reliable than SATA drives,
  their individual components are designed to handle frequent read/writes
  and high IOPS.| used in servers (DAS) or SANs |
  | SSD(固态硬盘) |flash technology to provide reliable and high-speed data storage | 234 |