python--函数

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-22 19:40:54 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-22 19:40:54 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u014518506/article/details/52813497

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1.函数的定义

# this one is like your scripts with argv
def print_two(*args):
    arg1, arg2 = args
    print "arg1: %r, arg2: %r" % (arg1, arg2)
# ok, that *args is actually pointless, we can just do this
def print_two_again(arg1, arg2):
    print "arg1: %r, arg2: %r" % (arg1, arg2)
# this just takes one argument
def print_one(arg1):
    print "arg1: %r" % arg1
# this one takes no arguments
def print_none():
    print "I got nothin'."
#函数的调用
print_two("Zed","Shaw")
print_two_again("Zed","Shaw")
print_one("First!")
print_none()

注意事项如下：
1. 函数定义是以 def 开始的吗？
2. 函数名称是以字符和下划线 _ 组成的吗？
3. 函数名称是不是紧跟着括号 ( ？
4. 括号里是否包含参数？多个参数是否以逗号隔开？
5. 参数名称是否有重复？（不能使用重复的参数名）
6. 紧跟着参数的是不是括号和冒号 ): ？
7. 紧跟着函数定义的代码是否使用了 4 个空格的缩进 (indent)？冒号以下，使用 4 个空格缩进的行都是属于这个函数的内容
8. 函数结束的位置是否取消了缩进 (“dedent”)？

2.函数返回

def secret_formula(started):
    jelly_beans = started * 500
    jars = jelly_beans / 1000
    crates = jars / 100
    return jelly_beans, jars, crates

可以返回一个值，也可以返回多个值。

3.一些函数

def break_words(stuff):
    """This function will break up words for us."""
    words = stuff.split(' ')
    return words

def sort_words(words):
    """Sorts the words."""
    return sorted(words)

def print_first_word(words):
    """Prints the first word after popping it off."""
    word = words.pop(0)
    print word

def print_last_word(words):
    """Prints the last word after popping it off."""
    word = words.pop(-1)
    print word

def sort_sentence(sentence):
    """Takes in a full sentence and returns the sorted words."""
    words = break_words(sentence)
    return sort_words(words)

def print_first_and_last(sentence):
    """Prints the first and last words of the sentence."""
    words = break_words(sentence)
    print_first_word(words)
    print_last_word(words)

def print_first_and_last_sorted(sentence):
    """Sorts the words then prints the first and last one."""
    words = sort_sentence(sentence)
    print_first_word(words)
    print_last_word(words)

在之前用来做算术的 python 编译器里，用交互的方式和.py 作交流。

$ python
Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Feb 6 2009, 19:02:12)
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ex25
>>> sentence = "All good things come to those who wait."
>>> words = ex25.break_words(sentence)
>>> words
['All', 'good', 'things', 'come', 'to', 'those', 'who', 'wait.']
>>> sorted_words = ex25.sort_words(words)
>>> sorted_words
['All', 'come', 'good', 'things', 'those', 'to', 'wait.', 'who']
>>> ex25.print_first_word(words)
All
>>> ex25.print_last_word(words)
wait.
>>> wrods
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'wrods' is not defined
>>> words
['good', 'things', 'come', 'to', 'those', 'who']
>>> ex25.print_first_word(sorted_words)
All
>>> ex25.print_last_word(sorted_words)
who
>>> sorted_words
['come', 'good', 'things', 'those', 'to', 'wait.']
>>> sorted_words = ex25.sort_sentence(sentence)
>>> sorted_words
['All', 'come', 'good', 'things', 'those', 'to', 'wait.', 'who']
>>> ex25.print_first_and_last(sentence)
All
wait.
>>> ex25.print_first_and_last_sorted(sentence)
All
who
>>> ^D
$