多任务
多线程
- 程序 进程 线程
Process与Thread
程序和进程
线程的创建
Thread
- 自定义线程类继承Thread类
- 重写run()方法,编写线程程序执行体
- 创建线程对象,调用start()方法启动线程
`//创建线程方式:继承Thread类,重写run()方法,调用start开启线程
public class TestThread1 extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
//run()方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码--"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程,主线程
//创建一个线程对象,调用start()方法
TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1();
testThread1.start(); //开启线程 交替执行
testThread1.start(); //调用函数
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程--"+i);
}
}
}
总结:
线程开启不一定立即执行,由CPU调度执行
练习:
package com.yuki.thread;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
//import javax.naming.Name;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
//练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread extends Thread{
private String name; //图片名
private String url; //地址
public TestThread(String name, String url){
this.name = name;
this.url = url;
}
public void run(){
TestThread2 testThread2 = new TestThread2();
testThread2.downloading(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了图片:"+name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread t1 = new TestThread("1.jpg","https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/album/7c4bfe98d16efd5f4d0c1f9e02d706cbfad24272.jpg@518w.jpg");
TestThread t2 = new TestThread("2.jpg","https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/album/5813216f98299c07dc22f16beee3600d91e27530.jpg@518w.jpg");
TestThread t3 = new TestThread("3.jpg","https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/album/c470e05aae7d66f1d6013f171e1c1fe96b30384f.jpg@518w.jpg");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
class TestThread2 {
public void downloading(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
}catch (IOException e){
System.out.println("IO异常");
}
}
}
实现Runnable
- 定义MyRunnable类实现Runnable接口
- 实现run()方法,编写线程体
- 创建线程对象,调用start()方法启动线程
//创建线程方法,实现runable接口,重写run方法,执行线程需要丢入runable接口实现类,调用start方法
public class Demo02 implements Runnable{
public void run(){
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("多线程");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建runable接口的实现类对象
Demo02 demo02 = new Demo02();
//创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启线程,代理
new Thread(demo02).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
System.out.println("代码!");
}
}
}
小结:
- 继承Thread类
- 子类继承Thread类具备多线程能力
- 启动线程:子类对象.start()
- 不建议使用:避免OPP单继承局限性
- 实现Runnable接口
- 实现接口Runnable具有多线程能力
- 启动线程:传入目标对象+Thread对象.start()
- 推荐使用:避免单继承局限性,灵活方便,方便同一个对象被多个线程使用
//多线程操作同一个对象
//买火车票问题
//问题:多个线程操作同一个对象的情况下,线程不安全,数据混乱
public class TestThread04 implements Runnable{
//票的数量
private int tickNums = 10;
public void run(){
while(true){
if (tickNums<=0){
break;
}
try{
Thread.sleep(200);
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"抢到了第"+tickNums--+"张票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread04 testThread04 = new TestThread04();
new Thread(testThread04,"小明").start();
new Thread(testThread04,"老师").start();
new Thread(testThread04,"黄牛").start();
}
}
案例:龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable{
//胜利者
private static String winner;
public void run(){
if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")){
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i+=3) {
//模拟兔子休息
if(i%10==0){
try{
Thread.sleep(1);
}catch (InterruptedException E){
E.printStackTrace();
}
}
boolean flag = getOver(i);
if(flag){
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->跑了"+i+"步");
}
}
if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("乌龟")){
for (int j = 0; j <= 100; j++) {
boolean flag = getOver(j);
if(flag){
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->跑了"+j+"步");
}
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
public boolean getOver(int steps){
//判断是否有胜利者
if(winner!=null){
return true;
}
if(steps>=100){
winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("胜利者是"+winner);
}
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
}
}
实现Callable接口(了解)
- 实现Callable接口,需要返回值类型
- 重写call方法,需要抛出异常
- 创建目标对象
- 创建执行服务:ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
- 提交执行:Future result = ser.submit(t1);
- 获取结果:boolean r1 = result.get();
- 关闭服务:ser.shutdown()
//线程创建方式三:使用Callable接口
/*
优点:
1.可以定义返回值
2。可以抛出异常
*/
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
private String name; //图片名
private String url; //地址
public TestCallable(String name, String url){
this.name = name;
this.url = url;
}
public Boolean call(){
Download download = new Download();
download.downloading(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了图片:"+name);
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("1.jpg","https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/album/7c4bfe98d16efd5f4d0c1f9e02d706cbfad24272.jpg@518w.jpg");
TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("2.jpg","https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/album/5813216f98299c07dc22f16beee3600d91e27530.jpg@518w.jpg");
TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("3.jpg","https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/album/c470e05aae7d66f1d6013f171e1c1fe96b30384f.jpg@518w.jpg");
//创建执行服务:
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//提交执行
Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);
//获取结果
boolean rs1 = r1.get();
boolean rs2 = r2.get();
boolean rs3 = r3.get();
System.out.println(rs1);
System.out.println(rs2);
System.out.println(rs3);
//关闭服务
ser.shutdown();
}
}
class Download {
public void downloading(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
}catch (IOException e){
System.out.println("IO异常");
}
}
}
静态代理模式
- 真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一接口
- 代理对象要代理真实角色
//静态代理模式总结:
//真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一接口
//代理对象要代理真实角色
//好处:
//代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
//真实对象专注做自己的事情
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
You you = new You(); //你要结婚
WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(you);
weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
void HappyMarry();
}
class You implements Marry{
public void HappyMarry(){
System.out.println("结婚!");
}
}
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
private Marry target;
public WeddingCompany(Marry target){
this.target = target;
}
public void HappyMarry(){
this.before();
this.target.HappyMarry(); //真实对象
this.after();
}
private void after(){
System.out.println("结婚之后,收尾款!");
}
private void before(){
System.out.println("结婚前,布置");
}
}
线程的五大状态
停止线程
- 不推荐使用JDK提供的stop()、destory()方法。已废弃
- 推荐自己让线程停下来
- 建议使用一个标志位进行终止变量当flag=false,则终止线程运行
//测试stop
//1.建议线程正常停止-->利用次数,不建议死循环
//2.建议使用标志位-->设置一个标志位
//3.不要使用stop或者destory等过时或者JDK不建议使用的方法
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
//1.设置一个标志位
private boolean flag = true;
public void run(){
int i = 0;
while (flag){
System.out.println("run....Thread"+i++);
}
}
//2.设置一个公开的方法,转换标识位停止线程
public void stop(){
this.flag = false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("main"+i);
if(i==900){
//调用stop方法切换标志位,让线程停止
testStop.stop();
System.out.println("线程停止");
}
}
}
}
线程休眠
- sleep(时间)指定当前线程阻塞的毫秒数
- sleep存在异常InterruptedException
- sleep时间达到后线程进入就绪状态
- sleep可以模拟网络延时,倒计时等
- 每个对象都有一个锁,sleep不会释放锁
模拟网络延时:放大问题的发生性
模拟倒计时
//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//打印当前系统时间
Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()); //获取系统当前时间
while (true){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()); //更新当前时间
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println();
}
}
//模拟倒计时
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
int num = 10;
while (true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if (num<=0){
break;
}
}
}
}
线程礼让
- 线程礼让就是让当前执行的线程暂停,但不阻塞
- 将线程从运行状态转为就绪状态
- 让cpu重新调度,礼让不一定成功!看cpu心情
Join
- Join合并线程,待此线程执行完成后,再执行其他线程,其他线程阻塞
- 可以想象成插队
//测试Join方法 插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("线程vip来了"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
//主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
if (i==200){
thread.join();
}
System.out.println("main"+i);
}
}
}
线程状态观测
Thread.State
线程状态
- NEW:未启动的线程处于此状态
- RUNABLE:在Java虚拟机中执行的线程处于此状态
- BLOCKED:被阻塞等待监视器锁定的线程处于此主题
- WAITING:正在等待一个线程执行特定动作的线程处于此状态
- TIME WAITING:正在等待另一个线程执行动作达到指定时间的线程处于此状态
- TERMINATED:已退出的线程处于此状态
//观察测试线程的状态
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("******");
});
//观察状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state); //NEW
//观察启动后
thread.start();
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state); //Run
while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){ //只要线程不终止,就一直输出
Thread.sleep(1000);
state = thread.getState(); //更新线程状态
System.out.println(state); //输出状态
}
}
}
线程优先级
Java提供了一个线程调度器来监控程序中启动后进入就绪状态的所有线程,线程调度器按照优先级决定应该调用哪个线程
优先级用数字表示,1~10
- Thread.MIN_PRIORIYT = 1;
- Thread.MAX_PRIORITY = 10;
- Thread.NORM_PRIORITY = 5;
使用以下方式改变优先级:
- getPriority().setPriority(int xxx)
优先级低只意味着获得调度的概率低,并不是优先级低就不会被调用了。
//测试线程优先级
public class TestPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//主线程优先级
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);
//设置优先级再启动
t1.start();
t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(4);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); //MAX_PRIORITY=10
t4.start();
t5.setPriority(8);
t5.start();
t6.setPriority(7);
t6.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
守护线程
- 线程分为用户线程和守护线程
- 虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
- 虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕
- 如:后台记录操作日志,监控内存,垃圾回收等
//测试守护线程
public class TestDemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
You you = new You();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true); //默认false表示用户线程,正常线程都是用户线程
thread.start(); //上帝线程启动
new Thread(you).start(); //你 用户线程启动
}
}
//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
}
}
}
//你
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
}
System.out.println("====goodbey!world====");
}
}
线程同步
多个线程操纵同一个资源
并发:同一个对象被多个线程同时操作
队列和锁
锁机制synchronired
三大不安全案例
不安全的买票
//不安全的买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"苦逼的我").start();
new Thread(station,"牛逼的你们").start();
new Thread(station,"可恶的黄牛党").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
private int ticketNum = 10;
boolean flag = true; //外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if(ticketNum<=0){
flag = false;
return;
}
Thread.sleep(100);
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNum--);
}
}
不安全的取钱
//不安全的取钱
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//账户
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50, "你");
Drawing girlfriend = new Drawing(account, 100, "girlfriend");
you.start();
girlfriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account {
int money;
String name;
public Account(int money, String name){
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行;模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account; //账户
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
int newMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
public void run(){
//判断有没有钱
if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够了,取不了");
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额 = 余额 - 你取的钱
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
newMoney = newMoney + drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
//this.getName()+Thread.currentThread().getName()
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱:"+newMoney);
}
}
线程不安全的集合
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//线程不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
同步方法
加上synchronized关键字变成同步方法
同步块
- 同步块:synchronized(Obj){}
- Obj称之为同步监视器
- Obj可以是任何对象,但推荐使用共享资源作为同步监视器
- 同步方法中无需指定同步监视器,同步的就是this(本身)
- 同步监视执行过程:
(待续未完!)
番外 如何在vscode导入jar包
在练习多线程创建和运行的时候,需要commons.io
的类,这个是jdk默认没有的,需要我们自己导入jar包,首先进入官网,找到我们需要的文件点击下载,
将下载的文件解压出来,在我们的Java项目文件夹下面新建一个lib文件夹
摁下Shift+Ctrl+P
打开命令行窗口,输入Java: Clean the Java language server workspace
,点击,在运行程序
运行成功!