最常用的类型继承

公有继承

公有继承是迄今为止最常用的类型继承。事实上，很少会用继承的其他类型，所以你的主要重点应该是理解这段。幸运的是，公有继承也是最容易理解的。当你继承基类的所有成员公开，保持原有的访问规范。私有成员的隐私，保护成员留下的保护，和公众在公共。

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class Base { public :      int m_nPublic; private :      int m_nPrivate; protected :      int m_nProtected; };   class Pub: public Base {      // Public inheritance means:      // m_nPublic stays public      // m_nPrivate stays private      // m_nProtected stays protected        Pub()      {          // The derived class always uses the immediate parent's class access specifications          // Thus, Pub uses Base's access specifiers          m_nPublic = 1; // okay: anybody can access public members          m_nPrivate = 2; // not okay: derived classes can't access private members in the base class!          m_nProtected = 3; // okay: derived classes can access protected members      } };   int main() {      // Outside access uses the access specifiers of the class being accessed.      // In this case, the access specifiers of cPub.  Because Pub has inherited publicly from Base,      // no access specifiers have been changed.      Pub cPub;      cPub.m_nPublic = 1; // okay: anybody can access public members      cPub.m_nPrivate = 2; // not okay: can not access private members from outside class      cPub.m_nProtected = 3; // not okay: can not access protected members from outside class }

这是非常简单的。值得注意的事情：

派生类不能直接访问基类的私有成员。

受保护的访问说明符允许派生类可以直接访问基类的成员而不暴露这些成员的公共。

派生类使用基类中的访问说明符。

外部应用访问说明符从派生类。

总结表：

私有继承

随着私有继承，基类中的所有成员都继承了私人。这意味着私人会员隐私，保护和公众成员成为私人。

请注意，这并不影响方式，派生类访问从其父继承成员！它不仅影响代码试图通过派生类访问这些成员。

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class Base { public :      int m_nPublic; private :      int m_nPrivate; protected :      int m_nProtected; };   class Pri: private Base {      // Private inheritance means:      // m_nPublic becomes private      // m_nPrivate stays private      // m_nProtected becomes private        Pri()      {          // The derived class always uses the immediate parent's class access specifications          // Thus, Pub uses Base's access specifiers          m_nPublic = 1; // okay: anybody can access public members          m_nPrivate = 2; // not okay: derived classes can't access private members in the base class!          m_nProtected = 3; // okay: derived classes can access protected members      } };   int main() {      // Outside access uses the access specifiers of the class being accessed.      // Note that because Pri has inherited privately from Base,      // all members of Base have become private when access through Pri.      Pri cPri;      cPri.m_nPublic = 1; // not okay: m_nPublic is now a private member when accessed through Pri      cPri.m_nPrivate = 2; // not okay: can not access private members from outside class      cPri.m_nProtected = 3; // not okay: m_nProtected is now a private member when accessed through Pri        // However, we can still access Base members as normal through Base:      Base cBase;      cBase.m_nPublic = 1; // okay, m_nPublic is public      cBase.m_nPrivate = 2; // not okay, m_nPrivate is private      cBase.m_nProtected = 3; // not okay, m_nProtected is protected }