Linux dd

环境

dd (coreutils) 8.4

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NAME
dd - convert and copy a file

DESCRIPTION
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.

   bs=BYTES
          read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)

   cbs=BYTES
          convert BYTES bytes at a time

   conv=CONVS
          convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list

   count=BLOCKS
          copy only BLOCKS input blocks

   ibs=BYTES
          read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)

   if=FILE
          read from FILE instead of stdin

   iflag=FLAGS
          read as per the comma separated symbol list

   obs=BYTES
          write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)

   of=FILE
          write to FILE instead of stdout

   oflag=FLAGS
          write as per the comma separated symbol list

   seek=BLOCKS
          skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output

   skip=BLOCKS
          skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input

   status=WHICH
          WHICH info to suppress outputting to stderr; 'noxfer' suppresses transfer stats, 'none' suppresses all

   BLOCKS  and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M GB
   =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.

   Each CONV symbol may be:

   ascii  from EBCDIC to ASCII

   ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC

   ibm    from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC

   block  pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size

   unblock
          replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline

   lcase  change upper case to lower case

   nocreat
          do not create the output file

   excl   fail if the output file already exists

   notrunc
          do not truncate the output file

   ucase  change lower case to upper case

   sparse try to seek rather than write the output for NUL input blocks

   swab   swap every pair of input bytes

   noerror
          continue after read errors

   sync   pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs

   fdatasync
          physically write output file data before finishing

   fsync  likewise, but also write metadata

   Each FLAG symbol may be:

   append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)

   direct use direct I/O for data

   directory
          fail unless a directory

   dsync  use synchronized I/O for data

   sync   likewise, but also for metadata

   fullblock
          accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)

   nonblock
          use non-blocking I/O

   noatime
          do not update access time

   noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file

   nofollow
          do not follow symlinks

   Sending a USR1 signal to a running 'dd' process makes it print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.

          $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
          $ kill -USR1 $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid

          18335302+0 records in 18335302+0 records out 9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s

示例

#创建一个大文件
[root@node01~]# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=1000000 of=/tmp/test.file
 
#读取一个大文件
[root@node01 ~]# dd if=/tmp/test.file bs=32k | dd of=/dev/null