mktime函数性能分析

博客搬家，原地址：https://langzi989.github.io/2019/01/02/mktime性能分析/

mktime是一个将break-down时间(struct tm)转化为日历时间(time_t)的转换函数。它的转换与struct tm中的 tm_wday、tm_yday无关，当进行转换时，mktime会通过struct tm的其他成员重新矫正该值。若struct tm中的成员是非法的的，mktime将会自动校正，如2018-12-32 00:00:00，矫正后为2019-01-01 00:00:00。若给定struct tm不能转换为日历时间，则mktime返回-1。----man mktime

1. 背景

背景：最近工作中遇到一个奇怪的问题，在将原先在32位机器上编译的程序放在64位机器上重新编译之后，然后放到IDC机器运行，发现性能降了100倍左右。在经过性能分析和查阅相关资料后发现，是由于mktime使用不当导致。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

#define PrintTime(id)  struct timeval __now1105##id;\
                       gettimeofday(&__now1105##id, 0);

#define PrintTimeDone(id) struct timeval __now21105##id; \
                           gettimeofday(&__now21105##id, 0); \
							printf("timer_%s spend time:%d us\n",#id,(__now21105##id.tv_sec-__now1105##id.tv_sec)* 1000000 + (__now21105##id.tv_usec-__now1105##id.tv_usec));

static void get_time(const std::string& time_str)
{
   
	struct tm temp_tm;
	strptime(time_str.c_str(), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &temp_tm);
	PrintTime(mktime);
	time_t temp = mktime(&temp_tm);
	PrintTimeDone(mktime);
}

int main()
{
   
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    	get_time("2018-12-27 00:00:00");
	return 0;
}

32位机器（i686）编译运行结果：

timer_mktime spend time:51 us
timer_mktime spend time:4 us
timer_mktime spend time:2 us
timer_mktime spend time:3 us
timer_mktime spend time:3 us
timer_mktime spend time:3 us
timer_mktime spend time:3 us
timer_mktime spend time:2 us
timer_mktime spend time:2 us
timer_mktime spend time:2 us

64位机器（x86_64 ）编译运行结果：

timer_mktime spend time:181 us
timer_mktime spend time:156 us
timer_mktime spend time:138 us
timer_mktime spend time:138 us
timer_mktime spend time:137 us
timer_mktime spend time:145 us
timer_mktime spend time:143 us
timer_mktime spend time:138 us
timer_mktime spend time:138 us
timer_mktime spend time:145 us

造成上述问题的原因究竟是什么呢？

2. 源码分析mktime性能

2.1 mktime源码：

mktime.c

/* Convert *TP to a time_t value.  */
time_t
mktime (struct tm *tp)
{
   
#ifdef _LIBC
  /* POSIX.1 8.1.1 requires that whenever mktime() is called, the
     time zone names contained in the external variable 'tzname' shall
     be set as if the tzset() function had been called.  */
  __tzset ();
#endif

  return __mktime_internal (tp, __localtime_r, &localtime_offset);
}

/* Convert *TP to a time_t value, inverting
   the monotonic and mostly-unit-linear conversion function CONVERT.
   Use *OFFSET to keep track of a guess at the offset of the result,
   compared to what the result would be for UTC without leap seconds.
   If *OFFSET's guess is correct, only one CONVERT call is needed.
   This function is external because it is used also by timegm.c.  */
time_t
__mktime_internal (struct tm *tp,
		   struct tm *(*convert) (const time_t *, struct tm *),
		   time_t *offset)
{
   
  time_t t, gt, t0, t1, t2;
  struct tm tm;

  /* The maximum number of probes (calls to CONVERT) should be enough
     to handle any combinations of time zone rule changes, solar time,
     leap seconds, and oscillations around a spring-forward gap.
     POSIX.1 prohibits leap seconds, but some hosts have them anyway.  */
  int remaining_probes = 6;

  /* Time requested.  Copy it in case CONVERT modifies *TP; this can
     occur if TP is localtime's returned value and CONVERT is localtime.  */
  int sec = tp->tm_sec;
  int min = tp->tm_min;
  int hour = tp->tm_hour;
  int mday = tp->tm_mday;
  int mon = tp->tm_mon;
  int year_requested = tp->tm_year;
  int isdst = tp->tm_isdst;

  /* 1 if the previous probe was DST.  */
  int dst2;

  /* Ensure that mon is in range, and set year accordingly.  */
  int mon_remainder = mon % 12;
  int negative_mon_remainder = mon_remainder < 0;
  int mon_years = mon / 12 - negative_mon_remainder;
  long_int lyear_requested = year_requested;
  long_int year = lyear_requested + mon_years;

  /* The other values need not be in range:
     the remaining code handles minor overflows correctly,
     assuming int and time_t arithmetic wraps around.
     Major overflows are caught at the end.  */

  /* Calculate day of year from year, month, and day of month.
     The result need not be in range.  */
  int mon_yday = ((__mon_yday[leapyear (year)]
		   [mon_remainder + 12 * negative_mon_remainder])
		  - 1);
  long_int lmday = mday;</