ProxySQL 2.0 + MGR 8.0 读写分离

两个小黄鹂

已于 2023-11-22 00:15:03 修改

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分类专栏： # MySQL 数据库文章标签：数据库 mysql database

于 2022-05-28 14:18:51 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u014650965/article/details/125016552

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架构设计

将proxysql与keepalived绑定，proxysql进程停止会关闭keepalived
当前vip在192.168.124.17，当proxysql或keepalived出现异常，vip会切换至其他节点
当前架构MySQL、proxysql、keepalived都在同一台服务器，当keepavlied与proxysql不在同一台机器，可以通过keepalived与lvs配置proxysql的负载均衡，此处不做介绍

请添加图片描述

软件信息

数据库及MySQL-Proxy都为当前最新版本，生产环境需根据实际情况选择合适版本

软件	版本
Database	8.0.29 MySQL Community Server - GPL
System	Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.9 (Maipo)
MySQL-Proxy	ProxySQL version 2.3.2-10-g8cd66cf, codename Truls
High Availability	Keepalived v1.3.5 (03/19,2017), git commit v1.3.5-6-g6fa32f2

MySQL-Proxy

当前proxysql2版本可以搭配mysql_replication、mysql_group_replication、mysql_galera、mysql_aws_aurora
本次proxysql搭配mysql_group_replication，高可用测试，从库到主库切换5s以内即可完成。

proxysql>show tables like 'mysql%hostgroups';
+------------------------------------+
| tables                             |
+------------------------------------+
| mysql_replication_hostgroups       |
| mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |
| mysql_galera_hostgroups            |
| mysql_aws_aurora_hostgroups        |
+------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MGR限制

InnoDB存储引擎
每个表必须有显式主键
网络性能要求低延时、高带宽
server_id要唯一
开启GTID
不建议使用外键级联约束
组成员最大数目为9

系统配置

1. 关闭selinux及防火墙

selinux会影响后期mgr及keepalived安装配置
数据库服务器还应关闭numa及透明大页，此处不做介绍

vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

2. 配置hosts

vim /etc/hosts
192.168.62.16  mgr01
192.168.62.17  mgr02
192.168.62.18  mgr03

3. 配置yum源

# mount -o loop /dev/sr0 /mnt/


# more redhat-base.repo
[local]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.9
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///mnt/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

数据库安装

1. 上传安装包

# ls -lrt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 833555286 Apr 25 23:26 mysql-8.0.28-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

2. 卸载mariadb-libs

rpm -qa |grep mariadb
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

3. 添加用户

useradd mysql
id mysql

4. 安装Mysql软件

cd /usr/local/
tar -zxvf /tmp/mysql-8.0.28-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
ln -s mysql-8.0.28-el7-x86_64/ mysql

mkdir -p /data/3306/
mkdir -p /data/binlog/
chown -R mysql.mysql /data
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql-8.0.28-el7-x86_64 /data/

5. 配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

source /etc/profile

mysql -V

6. 初始化Mysql数据库

mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/3306

7. 配置文件

slave节点配置文件只需要把loose-group_replication_local_address和server_id改成对应的即可
可以使用uuidgen获取一个随机uuid作为复制组的名称。

# uuidgen
54ce6c34-8e2f-490e-930b-08af7944977b

cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
user=mysql
datadir=/data/3306
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
port=3306
socket=/data/3306/mysql.sock
pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid
log-error=/data/3306/mysqlerr.log
innodb_file_per_table=1
skip_name_resolve=1
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/data/3306/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time=2
symbolic-links=0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password	#sqlproxy不支持caching_sha2_password，复制用户可以考虑使用，但是也仅限于此，客户端等配置比较麻烦

collation-server=utf8_general_ci
character-set-server=utf8
net_buffer_length=8k
myisam_sort_buffer_size=5M
max_connections=8192
wait_timeout=3600
interactive_timeout=43200
key_buffer_size=32M
max_connect_errors=500
sort_buffer_size=2M
join_buffer_size=2M
max_allowed_packet=48M
thread_cache_size=64
innodb_buffer_pool_size=11000M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
innodb_thread_concurrency=128
innodb_log_buffer_size=128M
innodb_log_file_size=100M
innodb_log_files_in_group=3
read_buffer_size=1M
read_rnd_buffer_size=2M
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT




#mysql group replication
log_bin=/data/binlog/mysqlbin
log_bin_index=/data/binlog/mysql-bin.index
binlog_format=row
sync_binlog=1
server_id=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
binlog_checksum=NONE
log_slave_updates=ON
transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
loose-group_replication_group_name="03f43914-7f38-4a00-919f-f748794c04ac"
loose-group_replication_start_on_boot=off
loose-group_replication_local_address="10.10.1.211:33061"
loose-group_replication_group_seeds="10.10.1.211:33061,10.10.1.212:33061,10.10.1.213:33061"
loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group=off
loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode=on
loose-group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks= off
[mysql]
socket=/data/3306/mysql.sock
EOF

8. 将Mysql加入系统服务

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld off

systemctl start mysqld

9. 开启分布式复制

创建用户，所有节点都需要配置

set sql_log_bin=0;
create user repl@'localhost' identified by '123456';
grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to repl@'localhost';
create user repl@'127.0.0.1' identified by '123456';
grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to repl@'127.0.0.1';
create user repl@'192.168.62.%' identified by '123456';
grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to repl@'192.168.62.%';
SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1;

所有节点进行如下操作

#开启复制渠道
change master to master_user='repl',master_password='123456' for channel  'group_replication_applier';
#笔者再次部署时，使用的版本为8.0.35，需要使用已下命令，请注意
change replication source to source_user='repl', source_password='123456' for channel 'group_replication_recovery';
#加载GR插件
install plugin group_replication soname 'group_replication.so';
show plugins;

第一个节点进行如下配置

#启动复制程序
set global group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON;
start group_replication;
set global group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF;

其他节点进行如下配置
节点宕机重启后，也需要再次执行此命令

#启动复制程序
start group_replication;

查看集群状态

select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members\G

ProxySQL安装

1. 安装依赖

yum install -y perl.x86_64
yum install -y libaio.x86_64
yum install -y net-tools.x86_64
yum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL
yum install -y gnutls

2. 安装ProxySQL

rpm -ivh /tmp/proxysql-2.3.2-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm

3. 创建monitor用户

monitor用于ProxySQL，proxysql用于后期测试

create user 'monitor'@'%' identified by '123456';
create user 'proxysql'@'%' identified by '123456';

GRANT USAGE,process,replication slave,replication client ON *.* TO 'monitor'@'%';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON *.* TO  'proxysql'@'%';


grant all on *.* to 'monitor'@'%';
grant all on *.* to 'proxysql'@'%';

4. 创建视图

主库执行即可，用于检测节点状态，是proxysql要求的，官方脚本在mgr8上存在问题，在其他地方找的脚本
addition_to_sys_v2.sql

USE sys;


DROP VIEW IF EXISTS gr_member_routing_candidate_status;

DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS IFZERO;
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS LOCATE2;
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS GTID_NORMALIZE;
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS GTID_COUNT;
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS gr_applier_queue_length;
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS gr_member_in_primary_partition;
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS gr_transactions_to_cert;

DELIMITER $$

CREATE FUNCTION IFZERO(a INT, b INT)
RETURNS INT
DETERMINISTIC
RETURN IF(a = 0, b, a)$$

CREATE FUNCTION LOCATE2(needle TEXT(10000), haystack TEXT(10000), offset INT)
RETURNS INT
DETERMINISTIC
RETURN IFZERO(LOCATE(needle, haystack, offset), LENGTH(haystack) + 1)$$

CREATE FUNCTION GTID_NORMALIZE(g TEXT(10000))
RETURNS TEXT(10000)
DETERMINISTIC
RETURN GTID_SUBTRACT(g, '')$$

CREATE FUNCTION GTID_COUNT(gtid_set TEXT(10000))
RETURNS INT
DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
  DECLARE result BIGINT DEFAULT 0;
  DECLARE colon_pos INT;
  DECLARE next_dash_pos INT;
  DECLARE next_colon_pos INT;
  DECLARE next_comma_pos INT;
  SET gtid_set = GTID_NORMALIZE(gtid_set);
  SET colon_pos = LOCATE2(':', gtid_set, 1);
  WHILE colon_pos != LENGTH(gtid_set) + 1 DO
     SET next_dash_pos = LOCATE2('-', gtid_set, colon_pos + 1);
     SET next_colon_pos = LOCATE2(':', gtid_set, colon_pos + 1);
     SET next_comma_pos = LOCATE2(',', gtid_set, colon_pos + 1);
     IF next_dash_pos < next_colon_pos AND next_dash_pos < next_comma_pos THEN
       SET result = result +
         SUBSTR(gtid_set, next_dash_pos + 1,
                LEAST(next_colon_pos, next_comma_pos) - (next_dash_pos + 1)) -
         SUBSTR(gtid_set, colon_pos + 1, next_dash_pos - (colon_pos + 1)) + 1;
     ELSE
       SET result = result + 1;
     END IF;
     SET colon_pos = next_colon_pos;
  END WHILE;
  RETURN result;
END$$

CREATE FUNCTION gr_applier_queue_length()
RETURNS INT
DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
  RETURN (SELECT sys.gtid_count( GTID_SUBTRACT( (SELECT
Received_transaction_set FROM performance_schema.replication_connection_status
WHERE Channel_name = 'group_replication_applier' ), (SELECT
@@global.GTID_EXECUTED) )));
END$$

CREATE FUNCTION gr_member_in_primary_partition()
 RETURNS varchar(20) CHARSET utf8mb4
    READS SQL DATA
    DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
    DECLARE myReturn VARCHAR(20);
		DECLARE myError INT DEFAULT 0;
		
    DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR 1242 SET myError = 1242;
 
		  (SELECT IF( MEMBER_STATE='ONLINE' AND ((SELECT COUNT(*) FROM
performance_schema.replication_group_members WHERE MEMBER_STATE != 'ONLINE') >=
((SELECT COUNT(*) FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members)/2) = 0),
'YES', 'NO' ) into myReturn FROM performance_schema.replication_group_members JOIN
performance_schema.replication_group_member_stats rgms USING(member_id) WHERE rgms.MEMBER_ID=@@SERVER_UUID )  ;

    IF myError > 0 THEN
        GET DIAGNOSTICS CONDITION 1
        @p1 = RETURNED_SQLSTATE, @p2 = MESSAGE_TEXT;
        select @p2 into myReturn;
        RETURN myReturn;
    END IF;
    IF myReturn IS NULL Then 
	   RETURN 'NO';
    END IF;		
    RETURN myReturn;

END$$

CREATE FUNCTION `gr_transactions_to_cert`() RETURNS int
    DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
DECLARE transactions_to_cert INT DEFAULT 0;
select  performance_schema.replication_group_member_stats.COUNT_TRANSACTIONS_IN_QUEUE into transactions_to_cert

    FROM
        performance_schema.replication_group_member_stats where MEMBER_ID=@@SERVER_UUID; 

    IF transactions_to_cert IS NULL THEN 
	   RETURN 0;
    END IF;

RETURN transactions_to_cert;


END$$

CREATE VIEW gr_member_routing_candidate_status AS

SELECT 
        sys.gr_member_in_primary_partition() AS viable_candidate,
        IF((SELECT 
                    ((SELECT 
                                GROUP_CONCAT(performance_schema.global_variables.VARIABLE_VALUE
                                        SEPARATOR ',')
                            FROM
                                performance_schema.global_variables
                            WHERE
                                (performance_schema.global_variables.VARIABLE_NAME IN ('read_only' , 'super_read_only'))) <> 'OFF,OFF')
                           
                ),
            'YES',
            'NO') AS read_only,
        sys.gr_applier_queue_length() AS transactions_behind,
        sys.gr_transactions_to_cert() AS transactions_to_cert;$$

DELIMITER ;

5. 初始化ProxySQL

三台机器配置文件相同，后期配置操作在一台机器即可，所有配置会同步到其他机器
编辑配置文件

vim /etc/proxysql.cnf
datadir="/var/lib/proxysql"

admin_variables =
{

        admin_credentials="admin:admin;cluster_demo:123456"
        mysql_ifaces="0.0.0.0:6032"
        cluster_username="cluster_demo"
        cluster_password="123456"
        cluster_check_interval_ms=200
        cluster_check_status_frequency=100
        cluster_mysql_query_rules_save_to_disk=true
        cluster_mysql_servers_save_to_disk=true
        cluster_mysql_users_save_to_disk=true
        cluster_proxysql_servers_save_to_disk=true
        cluster_mysql_query_rules_diffs_before_sync=3
        cluster_mysql_servers_diffs_before_sync=3
        cluster_mysql_users_diffs_before_sync=3
        cluster_proxysql_servers_diffs_before_sync=3

}

proxysql_servers =
(

    {
        hostname="192.168.124.16"
        port=6032
        comment="proxysql16"
    },

    {
        hostname="192.168.124.17"
        port=6032
        comment="proxysql17"
    },
	
    {
        hostname="192.168.124.18"
        port=6032
        comment="proxysql18"
    }
)

mysql_variables=

{
        threads=4
        max_connections=2048
        default_query_delay=0
        default_query_timeout=36000000
        have_compress=true
        poll_timeout=2000
#       interfaces="0.0.0.0:6033;/tmp/proxysql.sock"
        interfaces="0.0.0.0:6033"
        default_schema="information_schema"
        stacksize=1048576
        server_version="5.7.28"
        connect_timeout_server=3000
# make sure to configure monitor username and password
# https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/wiki/Global-variables#mysql-monitor_username-mysql-monitor_password
        monitor_username="monitor"
        monitor_password="123456"
        monitor_history=600000
        monitor_connect_interval=60000
        monitor_ping_interval=10000
        monitor_read_only_interval=1500
        monitor_read_only_timeout=500
        ping_interval_server_msec=120000
        ping_timeout_server=500
        commands_stats=true
        sessions_sort=true
        connect_retries_on_failure=10
}

启动登录ProxySQL
密码是admin，在proxysql配置文件中设定

systemctl start proxysql
mysql -uadmin -p -h127.0.0.1 -P6032 --prompt='proxysql>'

初始化配置

delete from scheduler ;
delete from mysql_servers;
delete from mysql_users;
delete from mysql_query_rules;
delete from mysql_group_replication_hostgroups ;
LOAD MYSQL VARIABLES TO RUNTIME;
SAVE MYSQL VARIABLES TO DISK;
LOAD MYSQL SERVERS TO RUNTIME;
SAVE MYSQL SERVERS TO DISK;
LOAD MYSQL USERS TO RUNTIME;
SAVE MYSQL USERS TO DISK;
LOAD SCHEDULER TO RUNTIME;
SAVE SCHEDULER TO DISK;
LOAD MYSQL QUERY RULES TO RUNTIME;
SAVE MYSQL QUERY RULES TO DISK;

检查配置

proxysql> select * from global_variables where variable_name in ('mysql-monitor_username','mysql-monitor_password');
select * from monitor.mysql_server_connect_log order by time_start_us desc limit 6;
select * from monitor.mysql_server_ping_log order by time_start_us desc limit 6;

如果配置文件没配置可以做如下操作

proxysql> set mysql-monitor_username='monitor';
proxysql> set mysql-monitor_password='123456';
proxysql> load mysql variables to runtime;
proxysql> save mysql variables to disk;

6. ProxySQL配置

当前proxysql版本可以配置mysql_replication、mysql_group_replication、mysql_galera、mysql_aws_aurora

proxysql>show tables like 'mysql%hostgroups';
+------------------------------------+
| tables                             |
+------------------------------------+
| mysql_replication_hostgroups       |
| mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |
| mysql_galera_hostgroups            |
| mysql_aws_aurora_hostgroups        |
+------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

高可用使用mgr8，对应分组选择mysql_group_replication_hostgroups

proxysql>insert into mysql_group_replication_hostgroups (writer_hostgroup,backup_writer_hostgroup,reader_hostgroup,offline_hostgroup) values (1,2,3,4);
proxysql> load mysql servers to runtime;
proxysql> save mysql servers to disk;
proxysql>select * from mysql_group_replication_hostgroups\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       writer_hostgroup: 1
backup_writer_hostgroup: 2
       reader_hostgroup: 3
      offline_hostgroup: 4
                 active: 1
            max_writers: 1
  writer_is_also_reader: 0
max_transactions_behind: 0
                comment: NULL
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

添加服务器，proxysql会自动根据节点状态分组

proxysql> select * from mysql_servers;   当前应是空值
proxysql> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(1,'192.168.124.16',3306),(1,'192.168.124.17',3306),(1,'192.168.124.18',3306);
proxysql> load mysql servers to runtime;
proxysql> save mysql servers to disk;
proxysql> select * from mysql_servers\G
proxysql> select * from runtime_mysql_servers\G
proxysql>select * from runtime_mysql_servers\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       hostgroup_id: 3
           hostname: 192.168.124.17
               port: 3306
          gtid_port: 0
             status: ONLINE
             weight: 1
        compression: 0
    max_connections: 1000
max_replication_lag: 0
            use_ssl: 0
     max_latency_ms: 0
            comment:
*************************** 2. row ***************************
       hostgroup_id: 1
           hostname: 192.168.124.18
               port: 3306
          gtid_port: 0
             status: ONLINE
             weight: 1
        compression: 0
    max_connections: 1000
max_replication_lag: 0
            use_ssl: 0
     max_latency_ms: 0
            comment:
*************************** 3. row ***************************
       hostgroup_id: 3
           hostname: 192.168.124.16
               port: 3306
          gtid_port: 0
             status: ONLINE
             weight: 1
        compression: 0
    max_connections: 1000
max_replication_lag: 0
            use_ssl: 0
     max_latency_ms: 0
            comment:
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

配置对外访问用户

proxysql> insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup) values('proxysql','123456',1);
proxysql> load mysql users to runtime;
proxysql> save mysql users to disk;
proxysql> select * from mysql_users\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
              username: proxysql
              password: *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9
                active: 1
               use_ssl: 0
     default_hostgroup: 1
        default_schema:
         schema_locked: 0
transaction_persistent: 1
          fast_forward: 0
               backend: 0
              frontend: 1
       max_connections: 10000
            attributes:
               comment:
*************************** 2. row ***************************
              username: proxysql
              password: *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9
                active: 1
               use_ssl: 0
     default_hostgroup: 1
        default_schema:
         schema_locked: 0
transaction_persistent: 1
          fast_forward: 0
               backend: 1
              frontend: 0
       max_connections: 10000
            attributes:
               comment:
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

配置路由规则，用于读写分离

proxysql> insert into mysql_query_rules(active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(1,'^select.*for update$',1,1),(1,'^select',3,1);
proxysql> load mysql query rules to runtime;
proxysql> save mysql query rules to disk;
proxysql> select rule_id,active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply from mysql_query_rules;

+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| rule_id | active | match_pattern        | destination_hostgroup | apply |
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| 5       | 1      | ^select.*for update$ | 1                     | 1     |
| 6       | 1      | ^select              | 3                     | 1     |
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.10 sec)

查看SQL记录

proxysql> select * from stats_mysql_query_digest;

Keepalived安装

1. 安装keepalived

yum install keepalived -y

2. 配置检测脚本

检测proxysql状态，proxysql终止则关闭keepalived

vim /etc/keepalived/chk_proxysql.sh
if [ `ps -C proxysql --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi

3. 配置keepalived

测试过降权的切换方式，感觉较为复杂，直接采取随应用终止的方式，受不稳定因素影响较小。
priority 配置不同数值

节点	priority
192.168.124.16	99
192.168.124.17	98
192.168.124.18	97

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    script_user root
    enable_script_security
}

vrrp_script chk_proxysql {
    script "/etc/keepalived/chk_proxysql.sh"
    interval 2 #脚本检测频率
    weight -5 #脚本执行成功与否，权重怎么计算
	fall 2 #如果连续两次检测失败，认为节点服务不可用
    rise 1 #如果连续2次检查成功则认为节点正常
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    nopreempt #非抢占(preempt 意思是抢占)，权重高的节点恢复后不会重新恢复为主
    interface ens33 #网卡名称
    virtual_router_id 51 #其他节点需要与本节点一致
    priority 99 #初始权重，权重高的为主
    advert_int 1 #keepalived间心态频率时间
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.124.15/24
    }
    track_script {
        chk_proxysql
    }
}

测试

在客户端执行如下脚本，测试高可用及负载均衡
每次查询间隔1s

for i in {1..12}; do sleep 1; mysql -uproxysql -p123456 -h192.168.124.15 -P6033 -e 'select @@hostname' -s -N; done

1. 测试MGR

关闭mgr写节点，查询节点只剩一个，还可持续对外服务

2. 测试PROXYSQL

随机关闭proxysql，短暂时间无法连接，之后恢复正常

3.测试KEEPALIVED

随机关闭keepalived，短暂时间无法连接，之后恢复正常

两个小黄鹂

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ProxySQL 2.0 + MGR 8.0 读写分离

MySQL Group Replication在5.7版本还是不太稳定，索引涉及时选择了8版本，proxysql已更新至2版本，已支持MySQL Group Replication
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