selenium显示和隐式等待

0 前言

当采用Ajax技术时，动态加载的元素并不是立即出现的，会受网速或其他因素的影响。此时如果使用selenium来操作，有可能就会获取不到该元素而报错，为了防止这种情况，selenium提供了两种等待方式：

隐式等待：等待指定时间后再获取该元素。如果还获取不到就报错。
显示等待：在指定时间内，如果元素出现则去继续操作，如果超时就报异常。（较常用）

1. 隐式等待

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver_path = r'D:\driver\geckodriver_win64.exe'
driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=driver_path)

# 隐式等待
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.find_element_by_id('dsad')

2. 显示等待

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver_path = r'D:\driver\geckodriver_win64.exe'
driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=driver_path)

# 显式等待
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
try:
    element = WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(
        # 获取id=su的元素
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'su'))  # 传入一个元祖
    )
finally:
    driver.quit()