alloc流程分析
可以通过opensource下载objc4来查看alloc的源码,这里用objc4-818版本来分析
1.alloc
+ (id)alloc {
return _objc_rootAlloc(self);
}
2.objc_alloc
id objc_alloc(Class cls)
{
return callAlloc(cls, true/*checkNil*/, false/*allocWithZone*/);
}
3.callAlloc
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
callAlloc(Class cls, bool checkNil, bool allocWithZone=false)
{
#if __OBJC2__
if (slowpath(checkNil && !cls)) return nil;
if (fastpath(!cls->ISA()->hasCustomAWZ())) {
return _objc_rootAllocWithZone(cls, nil);
}
#endif
// No shortcuts available.
if (allocWithZone) {
return ((id(*)(id, SEL, struct _NSZone *))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(allocWithZone:), nil);
}
return ((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(alloc));
}
ISA方法:
inline Class
objc_object::ISA(bool authenticated)
{
ASSERT(!isTaggedPointer());
return isa.getDecodedClass(authenticated);
}
// class or superclass has default alloc/allocWithZone: implementation
// Note this is is stored in the metaclass.
#define FAST_CACHE_HAS_DEFAULT_AWZ (1<<14)
bool hasCustomAWZ() const {
return !cache.getBit(FAST_CACHE_HAS_DEFAULT_AWZ);
}
在callAlloc中,先通过cls的ISA返回一个Class对象,然后判断cache中有没有缓存,如果有,则执行_objc_rootAllocWithZone,如果没有,则执行objc_msgSend。
4._objc_rootAllocWithZone
id _objc_rootAllocWithZone(Class cls, malloc_zone_t *zone __unused)
{
// allocWithZone under __OBJC2__ ignores the zone parameter
return _class_createInstanceFromZone(cls, 0, nil,
OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC);
}
5._class_createInstanceFromZone
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
_class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes, void *zone,
int construct_flags = OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_NONE,
bool cxxConstruct = true,
size_t *outAllocatedSize = nil)
{
ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
// Read class's info bits all at once for performance
bool hasCxxCtor = cxxConstruct && cls->hasCxxCtor();
bool hasCxxDtor = cls->hasCxxDtor();
bool fast = cls->canAllocNonpointer();
size_t size;
size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes);
if (outAllocatedSize) *outAllocatedSize = size;
id obj;
if (zone) {
obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
} else {
obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
}
if (slowpath(!obj)) {
if (construct_flags & OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC) {
return _objc_callBadAllocHandler(cls);
}
return nil;
}
if (!zone && fast) {
obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor);
} else {
// Use raw pointer isa on the assumption that they might be
// doing something weird with the zone or RR.
obj->initIsa(cls);
}
if (fastpath(!hasCxxCtor)) {
return obj;
}
construct_flags |= OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_FREE_ONFAILURE;
return object_cxxConstructFromClass(obj, cls, construct_flags);
}
_class_createInstanceFromZone创建实例分三步:
1.cls->instanceSize 计算对象所需要的的内存大小
2.cls->calloc 申请开辟内存
3.cls->initInstanceIsa 通过isa,将对象于类关联
instanceSize
inline size_t instanceSize(size_t extraBytes) const {
if (fastpath(cache.hasFastInstanceSize(extraBytes))) {
return cache.fastInstanceSize(extraBytes);
}
size_t size = alignedInstanceSize() + extraBytes;
// CF requires all objects be at least 16 bytes.
if (size < 16) size = 16;
return size;
}
size_t fastInstanceSize(size_t extra) const
{
ASSERT(hasFastInstanceSize(extra));
if (__builtin_constant_p(extra) && extra == 0) {
return _flags & FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_MASK16;
} else {
size_t size = _flags & FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_MASK;
// remove the FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_DELTA16 that was added
// by setFastInstanceSize
return align16(size + extra - FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_DELTA16);
}
}
uint32_t unalignedInstanceSize() const {
ASSERT(isRealized());
return data()->ro()->instanceSize;
}
// Class's ivar size rounded up to a pointer-size boundary.
uint32_t alignedInstanceSize() const {
return word_align(unalignedInstanceSize());
}
当cache中有缓存时,就调用fastInstanceSize来计算extraBytes,并返回大小,在fastInstanceSize中调用了align16进行16字节对齐;没有缓存时,调用alignedInstanceSize进行8字节对齐。
calloc
calloc内部进行了16字节对齐,具体可以参考这里
initInstanceIsa
inline void
objc_object::initInstanceIsa(Class cls, bool hasCxxDtor)
{
ASSERT(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());
ASSERT(hasCxxDtor == cls->hasCxxDtor());
initIsa(cls, true, hasCxxDtor);
}
inline void
objc_object::initIsa(Class cls, bool nonpointer, UNUSED_WITHOUT_INDEXED_ISA_AND_DTOR_BIT bool hasCxxDtor)
{
ASSERT(!isTaggedPointer());
isa_t newisa(0);
if (!nonpointer) {
newisa.setClass(cls, this);
} else {
ASSERT(!DisableNonpointerIsa);
ASSERT(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());
#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
ASSERT(cls->classArrayIndex() > 0);
newisa.bits = ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_VALUE;
// isa.magic is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
// isa.nonpointer is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
newisa.indexcls = (uintptr_t)cls->classArrayIndex();
#else
newisa.bits = ISA_MAGIC_VALUE;
// isa.magic is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
// isa.nonpointer is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
# if ISA_HAS_CXX_DTOR_BIT
newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
# endif
newisa.setClass(cls, this);
#endif
newisa.extra_rc = 1;
}
// This write must be performed in a single store in some cases
// (for example when realizing a class because other threads
// may simultaneously try to use the class).
// fixme use atomics here to guarantee single-store and to
// guarantee memory order w.r.t. the class index table
// ...but not too atomic because we don't want to hurt instantiation
isa = newisa;
}
可见,在initIsa里面新生成了isa,并将其和cls关联起来
总结
在alloc执行流程中,cache中没有缓存,使用objc_msgSend函数调用了alloc方法,然后再调用 _objc_rootAlloc -> callAlloc -> _objc_rootAllocWithZone -> _class_createInstanceFromZone -> instanceSize -> calloc -> initInstanceIsa
如果有缓存,就不会通过objc_msgSend调用alloc方法,就直接 _objc_rootAllocWithZone执行后面的流程
其实,alloc的主要目的就是开辟内存,并使得isa指针和cls类进行关联。