OC底层原理-alloc流程

alloc流程分析

可以通过opensource下载objc4来查看alloc的源码，这里用objc4-818版本来分析

1.alloc

+ (id)alloc {
    return _objc_rootAlloc(self);
}

2.objc_alloc

id objc_alloc(Class cls)
{
    return callAlloc(cls, true/*checkNil*/, false/*allocWithZone*/);
}

3.callAlloc

static ALWAYS_INLINE id
callAlloc(Class cls, bool checkNil, bool allocWithZone=false)
{
#if __OBJC2__
    if (slowpath(checkNil && !cls)) return nil;
    if (fastpath(!cls->ISA()->hasCustomAWZ())) {
        return _objc_rootAllocWithZone(cls, nil);
    }
#endif

    // No shortcuts available.
    if (allocWithZone) {
        return ((id(*)(id, SEL, struct _NSZone *))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(allocWithZone:), nil);
    }
    return ((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(alloc));
}

ISA方法：

inline Class
objc_object::ISA(bool authenticated)
{
    ASSERT(!isTaggedPointer());
    return isa.getDecodedClass(authenticated);
}

// class or superclass has default alloc/allocWithZone: implementation
// Note this is is stored in the metaclass.
#define FAST_CACHE_HAS_DEFAULT_AWZ    (1<<14)
bool hasCustomAWZ() const {
    return !cache.getBit(FAST_CACHE_HAS_DEFAULT_AWZ);
}

在callAlloc中，先通过cls的ISA返回一个Class对象，然后判断cache中有没有缓存，如果有，则执行_objc_rootAllocWithZone，如果没有，则执行objc_msgSend。

4._objc_rootAllocWithZone

id _objc_rootAllocWithZone(Class cls, malloc_zone_t *zone __unused)
{
    // allocWithZone under __OBJC2__ ignores the zone parameter
    return _class_createInstanceFromZone(cls, 0, nil,
                                         OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC);
}

5._class_createInstanceFromZone

static ALWAYS_INLINE id
_class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes, void *zone,
                              int construct_flags = OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_NONE,
                              bool cxxConstruct = true,
                              size_t *outAllocatedSize = nil)
{
    ASSERT(cls->isRealized());

    // Read class's info bits all at once for performance
    bool hasCxxCtor = cxxConstruct && cls->hasCxxCtor();
    bool hasCxxDtor = cls->hasCxxDtor();
    bool fast = cls->canAllocNonpointer();
    size_t size;

    size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes);
    if (outAllocatedSize) *outAllocatedSize = size;

    id obj;
    if (zone) {
        obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
    } else {
        obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
    }
    if (slowpath(!obj)) {
        if (construct_flags & OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC) {
            return _objc_callBadAllocHandler(cls);
        }
        return nil;
    }

    if (!zone && fast) {
        obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor);
    } else {
        // Use raw pointer isa on the assumption that they might be
        // doing something weird with the zone or RR.
        obj->initIsa(cls);
    }

    if (fastpath(!hasCxxCtor)) {
        return obj;
    }

    construct_flags |= OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_FREE_ONFAILURE;
    return object_cxxConstructFromClass(obj, cls, construct_flags);
}

_class_createInstanceFromZone创建实例分三步：
1.cls->instanceSize 计算对象所需要的的内存大小
2.cls->calloc 申请开辟内存
3.cls->initInstanceIsa 通过isa，将对象于类关联

instanceSize

	inline size_t instanceSize(size_t extraBytes) const {

        if (fastpath(cache.hasFastInstanceSize(extraBytes))) {
            return cache.fastInstanceSize(extraBytes);
        }
        size_t size = alignedInstanceSize() + extraBytes;
        // CF requires all objects be at least 16 bytes.
        if (size < 16) size = 16;  
        return size;
    }
    
	size_t fastInstanceSize(size_t extra) const
    {
        ASSERT(hasFastInstanceSize(extra));

        if (__builtin_constant_p(extra) && extra == 0) {
            return _flags & FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_MASK16;
        } else {
            size_t size = _flags & FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_MASK;
            // remove the FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_DELTA16 that was added
            // by setFastInstanceSize
            return align16(size + extra - FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_DELTA16);
        }
    }
	uint32_t unalignedInstanceSize() const {
        ASSERT(isRealized());
        return data()->ro()->instanceSize;
    }

    // Class's ivar size rounded up to a pointer-size boundary.
    uint32_t alignedInstanceSize() const {
        return word_align(unalignedInstanceSize());
    }

当cache中有缓存时，就调用fastInstanceSize来计算extraBytes，并返回大小，在fastInstanceSize中调用了align16进行16字节对齐；没有缓存时，调用alignedInstanceSize进行8字节对齐。

calloc
calloc内部进行了16字节对齐，具体可以参考这里

initInstanceIsa

inline void 
objc_object::initInstanceIsa(Class cls, bool hasCxxDtor)
{
    ASSERT(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());
    ASSERT(hasCxxDtor == cls->hasCxxDtor());

    initIsa(cls, true, hasCxxDtor);
}

inline void 
objc_object::initIsa(Class cls, bool nonpointer, UNUSED_WITHOUT_INDEXED_ISA_AND_DTOR_BIT bool hasCxxDtor)
{ 
    ASSERT(!isTaggedPointer()); 
    
    isa_t newisa(0);

    if (!nonpointer) {
        newisa.setClass(cls, this);
    } else {
        ASSERT(!DisableNonpointerIsa);
        ASSERT(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());


#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
        ASSERT(cls->classArrayIndex() > 0);
        newisa.bits = ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_VALUE;
        // isa.magic is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
        // isa.nonpointer is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
        newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
        newisa.indexcls = (uintptr_t)cls->classArrayIndex();
#else
        newisa.bits = ISA_MAGIC_VALUE;
        // isa.magic is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
        // isa.nonpointer is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
#   if ISA_HAS_CXX_DTOR_BIT
        newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
#   endif
        newisa.setClass(cls, this);
#endif
        newisa.extra_rc = 1;
    }

    // This write must be performed in a single store in some cases
    // (for example when realizing a class because other threads
    // may simultaneously try to use the class).
    // fixme use atomics here to guarantee single-store and to
    // guarantee memory order w.r.t. the class index table
    // ...but not too atomic because we don't want to hurt instantiation
    isa = newisa;
}

可见，在initIsa里面新生成了isa，并将其和cls关联起来

总结

在alloc执行流程中，cache中没有缓存，使用objc_msgSend函数调用了alloc方法，然后再调用 _objc_rootAlloc -> callAlloc -> _objc_rootAllocWithZone -> _class_createInstanceFromZone -> instanceSize -> calloc -> initInstanceIsa
如果有缓存，就不会通过objc_msgSend调用alloc方法，就直接 _objc_rootAllocWithZone执行后面的流程

其实，alloc的主要目的就是开辟内存，并使得isa指针和cls类进行关联。